圣人制法与“孝理”的追寻——刘炫《孝经述议》中的义理与政治  

The Sage's Lawmaking and the Pursuit of“Filial Principle”:Philosophical and Political Insights in Liu Xuan's Interpretation of the Classic of Filial Piety

作　　者：刘增光[1] Liu Zengguang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2024年第11期40-51,128,F0003,共14页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：刘炫《孝经述议》是汉唐之间最重要的《孝经》义疏学著作。刘炫辨析汉代以来关于《孝经》作者的认识,对孔子作《孝经》有着新的理解,他否定曾子与《孝经》之关联,背后蕴含了圣凡之别的人性论主张和圣人制法的政教观念;刘炫在《古文孝经孔传》和南北朝《孝经》义疏的基础上提出“孝理”和“孝行”的区分,以《周易》形而上、形而下之别作为论证基础,创造性地阐述了本与末、自然与名教等魏晋玄学以来的重要思想议题,由《孝经》“因严教敬,因亲教爱”引申出名教因于自然但又高于自然的主张;《孝经述议》特别强调王者施教的权威性和必要性,其尊王的实质是崇圣,因为唯有体认孝理的至德之圣方能创制立法,圣王与制法的统一,蕴含着孝与法的统一,而其背后反映的则是刘炫不同于道家式的历史观,在这一历史观中礼法的制作与圣人的兴起、孝道的彰著三者一体,始终相维。凡此种种,足以体现刘炫《孝经述议》中卓越的思想创造。Liu Xuan's Interpretation of the Classic of Filial Piety(Xiaojing Shuyi)stands as a significant work on filial piety from the Han to the Tang dynasty.By reevaluating traditional knowledge on the authorship of the Classic of Filial Piety(Xiaojing),Liu offers a new perspective on Confucius as its author.He challenges the association between Zeng Zi and this classic,arguing that sages,distinct from ordinary people,are uniquely qualified to establish laws imbued with ethical and educational authority.Building on the Classic of Filial Piety and classical annotations,Liu distinguishes between Xiaoli(the filial principle)and Xiaoxing(the filial conduct).Drawing on metaphysical and practical insights from The Book of Changes(Zhouyi),Liu addresses concepts central to Wei and Jin metaphysics,including Ben(the origin)and Mo(the end),as well as Nature and Ritual Teaching(Ming Jiao).His analysis extends to“teaching respect through authority and love through kinship,”highlighting the sage's role in creating laws.This unity of sage-king and legal system reflects Liu's unique view on history,according to which the making of ceremonial rites,sage's rule,and filial values are one unity with one another.Interpretation of the Classic of Filial Piety exemplifies Liu Xuan's innovative philosophical contributions,providing a cohesive vision of filial lawmaking.

关 键 词：刘炫 《孝经述议》 孝理 制法 尊王 

分 类 号：B241[哲学宗教—中国哲学]