计算机反馈对学习的影响及其作用机制  

Effects of computer-based feedback on learning and its mechanism

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作  者:王祯 赵好莉 裴心蕊 王恩国[1] WANG Zhen;ZHAO Haoli;PEI Xinrui;WANG Enguo(School of Psychology,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004)

机构地区:[1]河南大学心理学院,开封475004

出  处:《心理研究》2024年第6期545-553,共9页Psychological Research

基  金:教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(23YJC190027);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2022CJY047)。

摘  要:随着网络教学的普及,大量研究关注计算机反馈对学习的影响。计算机反馈是指计算机系统在学习者做出反应后自动提供的旨在帮助学习者确认、调整或重构已有知识观念的信息。综述以往研究发现,计算机反馈是提升学习效果的重要教学设计,但计算机反馈的积极效应会受到反馈特征、学习者的先前知识经验、动机信念,以及任务难度、任务类型等因素的调节。基于现有实证证据和理论视角,综述提出了计算机反馈影响学习的整合模型,新模型强调计算机反馈作用于学习结果的路径主要包括两个方面:一方面,不同特征的计算机反馈会通过引发学习者不同的反馈感知和自我调节学习过程间接影响学习结果;另一方面,反馈特征与学习者特征、任务特征之间存在交互作用共同影响学习者的反馈感知、自我调节学习过程以及学习结果。未来研究应从边界条件、作用机制等视角深入探究计算机反馈的教学作用。Recently,researchers in the field of online learning have paid much attention to whether computer-based feedback can promote learning.Computer-based feedback refers to the information provided automatically by the computer system after learners respond to the learning task,which can help learners confirm,adjust or reconstruct the existing knowledge concepts.Previous studies have indicated that computer-based feedback is an important instructional design for improving learning performance,but the positive effect of computer-based feedback can be moderated by feedback characteristics,learners’prior knowledge,motivational beliefs,task difficulty,and task type.Based on the existing empirical evidence and theoretical perspectives,an integrated model was introduced.The new model mainly hypothesized the potential mechanisms that underlie the effects of computer-based feedback on learning performance from two aspects.On the one hand,different characteristics of computer-based feedback would indirectly affect the learning performance by triggering different feedback perception and self-regulated learning processes.On the other hand,feedback characteristics interact with learner characteristics and task characteristics to affect learners’feedback perception,self-regulated learning processes,and learning performance.Future research should further explore the effects of computer-based feedback from the perspectives of boundary conditions and functional mechanism.

关 键 词:计算机反馈 反馈特征 学习者特征 任务特征 理论机制 

分 类 号:G442[哲学宗教—心理学] TP39[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]

 

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