农民道德观念的生成与转型——基于唯物史观对《农民的终结》的探讨  

Origin and transformation of farmers’ moral beliefs: a historical materialism-based discussion on The End of Peasantry

作　　者：刘昂 LIU Ang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学马克思主义学院,北京100872

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期51-58,148,共9页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国乡村道德的实证研究与地图平台建设”(21&ZD058);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“马克思恩格斯农民道德观及其当代价值研究”(2023SJZD115)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国社会从传统向现代变迁过程中,农村人口持续减少,农民道德观念发生转型。这一现象在西方国家也曾出现,并被孟德拉斯称为“农民的终结”。通过剖析《农民的终结》不难发现,传统法国农民以小块土地为基础,形成了勤勉耐劳但趋于保守、容易散漫的道德观念。伴随社会发展,传统农民趋于终结,现代农业劳动者开始显现。对于他们而言,劳动的道德价值不断弱化,经济理性逐渐增强、规则意识得以提升。《农民的终结》以田野调查为基础,运用跨学科的方法,对农民道德观念的生成及其转型进行系统阐释,但其对马克思主义理论及其唯物史观存在一定误解。当前形塑中国农民道德观念,应当坚持唯物史观基本立场,借鉴《农民的终结》相关理论资源及其方法。The transition from traditional to modern society in China sees a decrease of rural population and a transformation of farmers’ moral beliefs. This phenomenon has also occurred in Western countries, as described by Mendras in his book titled The End of Peasantry. An analysis of this work reveals that traditional French farmers, who owned small plots of land, developed moral beliefs characterized by diligence as well as conservativeness and a sense of disorganization. With social development, traditional farmers dwindle, and modern agricultural laborers emerge. For them, the moral value of labor weakens, economic rationality strengthens and rule awareness increases. Based on field research, The End of Peasantry utilizes an interdisciplinary approach to interpret the generation and transformation of farmers’ moral beliefs. However, it misunderstands Marxist theory and historical materialism. When fostering the moral beliefs of Chinese farmers, it is necessary to adhere to the basic principles of historical materialism and draw on the relevant theoretical resources and methods of The End of Peasantry.

关 键 词：农民 道德观念 唯物史观 《农民的终结》 

分 类 号：B82-05[哲学宗教—伦理学] B03