气流激励下压气机叶片动力学特性分析  

Dynamics Analysis of Compressor Blade Under Aerodynamic Excitation

作　　者：付曦 刘云[1] 张俊红[2] 杨文钊 FU Xi;LIU Yun;ZHANG Junhong;YANG Wenzhao(College of Mechanical-Electronic and Vehicle Engineering,Weifang University,Weifang Shandong 261061,China;State Key Laboratory of Engine Combustion,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Weichai Power Co.,Ltd.,Weifang Shandong 261000,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊学院机电与车辆工程学院,山东潍坊261061 [2]天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室,天津300072 [3]潍柴动力股份有限公司,山东潍坊261000

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2024年第12期258-263,269,共7页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金—低于疲劳极限加载下压气机叶片疲劳寿命与损伤行为预测研究(51905382)。

摘　　要：研究基于逆向工程对某航空发动机压气机叶片进行点云扫描、获取数据,从而建立叶片的三维数值计算模型,通过模态试验验证模型精度。基于计算流体动力学理论,建立叶片流场模型,考虑气流激励力与叶片结构间的耦合作用,计算不同转速条件下压气机内部的流动特性并分析叶片的动力学特性。分析发现,气流激励作用对叶片模态频率和应力分布产生明显的影响;叶片在临界共振转速下发生不同程度的谐共振,且振动应力分布主要受到模态振型的影响;根据瞬态响应分析,叶片低阶模态更容易被激发,应在叶片设计阶段进行调频,改善共振所导致的叶片断裂失效。Based on the theory of reversing engineering,the point cloud data of aero-engine compressor blade were captured to establish the three-dimensional geometry model and finite element calculation model,which the modeling precision was validated by a vibration modal test.According to the theory of computational fluid dynamics,the blade flow-field model was built.Considering the coupling loads between airflow excitation and structural deformation,the internal flow field of compressor and the dynamic characteristic of blade were carried out under the typical working speeds.It is found that the aerodynamic excitation has obvious influence on modal frequency and stress distribution of the blade.In the critical resonant speeds,the blade will excite loworder harmonic resonance,and the vibration stress distribution is mainly affected by the mode shapes.Moreover,the low-order modes of the blade are more easily excited according to the transient response analysis so that it is necessary to carry out the frequency adjustment in the design stage to avoid the fracture failure of the blade by resonance.

关 键 词：压气机叶片 气流激励 动力性特性 振动应力 位移响应 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] V232.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]