无人机空中回收气动干扰与对接路径研究  

Research on Aerodynamic Interference and Docking Path of UAV Aerial Recovery

作　　者：冯路启 钟林龙 李家旭 刘学强[1] FENG Luqi;ZHONG Linlong;LI Jiaxu;LIU Xueqiang(College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Shaanxi Aircraft Industry limited Liability Company,Hanzhong 723213,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航空学院,南京210016 [2]陕西飞机工业有限责任公司,汉中723213

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报》2024年第6期1124-1133,共10页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics

摘　　要：针对采用空中平台进行直接对接的新型无人机(Unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)回收方法进行了气动干扰仿真与对接路径研究。在对接回收过程中,UAV需要从远方逐渐接近空中平台。在UAV靠拢平台的过程中,会受到平台翼尖尾涡的影响。如何使UAV以正确的路径接近空中平台是能否成功回收的关键。主要从气动特性方面出发,首先通过计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)仿真研究分析了UAV沿不同路径与空中平台进行对接回收时的气动性能变化规律,然后使用代理模型对产生的气动干扰进行拟合分析,得出UAV气动干扰在空中平台周围的空间分布。随后针对不同对接路径的气动干扰,使用MATLAB构建了一种抗干扰滑模控制器,并对不同路径下的对接过程进行对比仿真验证。研究结果表明,进近对接过程中UAV从平台前方向后方减速接近平台时气动性能最为稳定。The aerodynamic simulation and path optimization of a new unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)recovery method using an aerial platform for direct docking are carried out.In the docking and recovery process of this method,the UAV needs to gradually approach the aerial platform from a distance.In the process of approaching the platform,the UAV will be affected by the tail vortex of the platform’s wing tip.How to ensure the correct path of the approaching is the key to a successful recovery.This paper starts from aerodynamic characteristics.First,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation is used to study and analyze the variation rule of aerodynamic performance when the UAV is docking and retrieving with the air platform along different paths.Second,the proxy model is used to fit and predict the generated aerodynamic interference,and the spatial distribution of the UAV aerodynamic interference around the air platform is obtained.Third,an anti-interference sliding mode controller is designed with MATLAB to deal with the aerodynamic interference under different docking paths,and the docking paths under the corresponding paths are compared and verified by simulation.

关 键 词：无人机空中对接 空中回收平台 无人机编队飞行 计算流体力学仿真 滑模控制 

分 类 号：V211.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]