作为社会意识的机械自然观  

The Mechanistic View of Nature as a Social Consciousness

作　　者：田松 TIAN Song(The Center for the Humanities,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]南方科技大学人文科学中心,深圳518055

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第11期26-33,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：深圳市人文社会科学重点研究基地“南方科技大学粤港澳大湾区科技人文与创新文化研究中心”。

摘　　要：人文学术要面对文本,还要面对现实世界和个体的生命体验。个体可以直接观察和讨论社会意识。类比是人类原初的思维方式,延续至今。机械自然观就是把自然比做机械,它包括机械论、还原论和决定论三个层面,三者都源自古希腊。机械论哲学在十七世纪发展成熟,成为牛顿物理学—数理科学的认知基础。此后,数理科学获得了解释世界的话语权,又通过“科学的技术”极大地改变了物质世界,机械自然观成为社会意识的重要部分。工业文明——数理科学——机械自然观,三者相互加强。社会意识能够自我再生产。工业文明的基础教育以数理科学为基本知识体系,使机械自然观成为基本思维方式和基本价值观。机械自然观是全球性的环境危机和生态危机的内在根源。人类要走向新的文明形态,需要走出机械自然观。Humanities deal with text,the world,and the individual's life experience.Individuals can directly observe,describe,and discuss the social consciousness or ideology.Analogy is the primary way of thinking of human beings,and it continues to this day.The mechanistic view of nature is to compare nature to machinery.The mechanistic view of nature includes mechanistic,reductionist,and deterministic,all originating in ancient Greece.Mechanistic philosophy matured in the seventeenth century and became the cognitive basis of Newtonian physics-mathematical science.When science gained the power to explain the world,the mechanistic view of nature became an important part of social consciousness.After the Industrial Revolution,“scientific technologies”greatly changed the material world and strengthened the mechanistic view of nature.Industrial civilization—mathematical science—mechanistic view of nature,the three support each other.The primary education of industrial civilization takes mathematical sciences as the basic knowledge system and makes the mechanistic view of nature the primary way of thinking and primary values.The mechanistic view of nature is the intrinsic root cause of the global environmental crisis and ecological crisis.To build an ecological civilization,we must get out of the mechanistic view of nature and find a non-mechanistic one.

关 键 词：机械自然观 社会意识 基础教育 人造空气 社会生活机械化 非机械自然观 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]