历史事件反弹中的学术与大众话语——西方和俄罗斯学界对李森科事件的科学与政治意义之再讨论  

Academic and Popular Discourse in the Rebound of Historical Events:Rediscussing the Scientific and Political Significance of the Lysenko Affair in Western and Russian Academia

作　　者：白洁 BAI Jie(School of Philosophy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第11期117-122,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代俄罗斯哲学研究”(18ZDA018)。

摘　　要：俄罗斯学术界发表了试图恢复李森科声誉的书籍、文章,李森科的观点获得了一定的复兴,这些事件引起了西方学术界的广泛关注和讨论。西方学界对李森科事件的再讨论具有以下特征:其一,李森科事件被界定为具有全球意义的社会政治现象,案例研究具有地理上的多样性。其二,从两个新的角度去解读李森科主义在苏联成功传播的原因:修辞学和新闻媒体。其三,批判俄罗斯学术界出现的为李森科正名的现象。通过分析俄罗斯科学界对李森克主义复兴的主流态度,可以看出,为李森科正名的运动仍旧是一个边缘现象,不会导致俄罗斯生物学领域的倒退;同时,李森科事件本身所引起的关于科学、政治与哲学之间关系的思考对学术研究有一定启发意义。Russian academics published books and articles that attempted to restore Lysenko's reputation,and Lysenko's views gained a certain revival,which aroused wide attention and discussion in Western academia.The re-discussion of the Lysenko affair in Western academia has the following characteristics:first,the Lysenko affair has been defined as a socio-political phenomenon of global significance,with geographically diverse case studies.Second,the reasons for the successful spread of Lysenkoism in the Soviet Union have been interpreted in terms of two new perspectives:rhetoric and the news media.Third,criticize the phenomenon of justifying Lysenko's name in the Russian academics.By analyzing the dominant attitude of the Russian scientific community towards the revival of Lysenkoism,it becomes clear that the movement to do Lysenko justice remains too marginal to lead to a renewed regression in Russian biology.The reflections on the relationship between science,politics and philosophy arising from the Lysenko affair itself are instructive for academic research.

关 键 词：李森科 科学史 俄罗斯 西方 遗传学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]