道德和价值嵌入:科学家精神实践路径探析  

Moral and Value Embedding:Exploring the Practical Path of Scientist Spirit

作　　者：黄小茹 王贝特 HUANG Xiao-ru;WANG Bei-te(College of Marxism,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学马克思主义学院,北京100049

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第11期123-130,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“科学家精神教育”(E2E43503);国家社会科学基金一般项目“生命科学前瞻性伦理问题及中国语境下的原则与规范研究”(18BZX21);中国科学院科技伦理专项(E3E93501)。

摘　　要：推进科技发展、开展科学教育、促进科学传播,需要探究科学深层次的精神、价值层面及其引领、导向作用。这也是当前探求科学家精神教育发挥实效的核心问题之一。规范伦理学在引导性维度上不足,美德伦理学则同现代科技发展世界观有不一致,两种科学道德构建在探究道德和价值如何内嵌于科学研究的问题上,存在一定的局限性。科技伦理提供了建立普遍原则和具体规范并将其逐步建制化的借鉴,科技伦理还难以满足在特定的历史、文化、社会、制度的情景中构建美德图谱。马修·布朗提出“道德想象”概念,认为社会、文化背景是科学道德的价值来源,科学家所属的科研机构是落实科学家美德的重要中介,通过道德想象的作用将社会、文化背景、科研机构、科学家有机结合在一起,构建美德图谱。借鉴这一研究和实现科学道德和价值嵌入问题的新思路,可以从解析道德想象的实在化要点、构建道德想象的参与与互动机制进一步探究搭建多维立体的德育体系,推进我国科学家精神传播教育。To promote technological development,carry out scientific education,and promote scientific dissemination,it is necessary to explore the deep spiritual and value aspects of science,as well as its guiding and guiding role.This is also one of the core issues in exploring the effectiveness of spiritual education for scientists.Normative ethics is insufficient in guiding dimensions,while virtue ethics is inconsistent with the modern worldview of technological development.These two types of scientific ethics have certain limitations in exploring how morality and values are embedded in scientific research.Science and technology ethics provides a reference for establishing universal principles and specific norms,and gradually institutionalizing them.However,science and technology ethics is still unable to meet the needs of constructing a virtue map in specific historical,cultural,social,and institutional contexts.Matthew Brown proposed the concept of“moral imagination”,believing that social and cultural backgrounds are the value sources of scientific morality,and that the research institutions to which scientists belong are important intermediaries for implementing the virtues of scientists.Through the role of moral imagination,social and cultural backgrounds,research institutions,and scientists are organically combined to construct a virtue map.Drawing on this research and implementing a new approach to the embedding of scientific ethics and values,we can further explore the construction of a multidimensional and three-dimensional moral education system by analyzing the practical points of moral imagination,constructing participation and interaction mechanisms for moral imagination,and promoting the dissemination of the spirit of Chinese scientists.

关 键 词：科学家精神 道德想象 规范伦理学 美德伦理学 科技伦理 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]