法律如何对待就业领域的年龄歧视:普遍主义抑或特殊主义?  

How Does the Law Engage with Age Discrimination in the Employment Field:Universalism or Particularism?

作　　者：金韬 JIN Tao

机构地区：[1]宁波大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2024年第4期117-129,共13页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“隐性就业歧视的法律规制研究”(项目编号:20SFB3002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：就业领域的年龄歧视是一种特殊种类的歧视现象,应该采用法律手段予以禁止。“普遍主义”路径认为,年龄歧视和其他歧视现象之间不存在本质差别,可以直接搬用或部分调整,以处理主流歧视现象的法律机制禁止年龄歧视。在年龄歧视现象中,社会群体的范围有着模糊性、群体成员内部没有均质性、歧视现象的群体关联性较弱,这些问题对同构性预设带来挑战。生命周期理论、信息筛选机制以及认定环节的非均衡性,给均衡保护原则带来挑战。法律应该采用“特殊主义”路径禁止年龄歧视,认真对待年龄问题,在价值排序、保护方式和具体机制上不同于处理主流歧视现象。Age discrimination is a specific type of discrimination in the employment field,it should be prohibited by law.The universalist approach claims that there is no essential difference between age discrimination and other discrimination,and that mechanisms dealing with the latter can be transposed or adapted to prohibit age discrimination.In the case of age discrimination,the ambiguity of the scope of social groups,the lack of member homogeneity inside the age group,and the weak group relationship,all above pose challenges to the homogeny presupposition.The life-cycle theory,information screening mechanisms and the asymmetry of the identification process challenge the principle of symmetrical protection.We should adopt a particularist approach to the prohibition of age discrimination,which taking age seriously and differs from mainstream discrimination in terms of value ranking,protection modes and specific mechanisms.

关 键 词：年龄歧视 就业歧视 劳动权保护 市场理性 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]