体育与健康课程大单元教学的历史溯源、本质特征及实践路径  

Historical Review,Essential Characteristics and Practical Pathways of Large Unit Teaching in Physical Education and Health Curriculum

作　　者：禹华森 李利强 李菲菲 汪晓赞[1,4] YU Huasen;LI Liqiang;LI Feifei;WANG Xiaozan(School of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;School of Physical Education,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang 712082,Shaanxi,China;School of Physical Education and Health,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,Xinjiang,China;Key Lab of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241 [2]西藏民族大学体育学院,陕西咸阳712082 [3]伊犁师范大学体育与健康学院,新疆伊宁835000 [4]华东师范大学青少年健康评价与运动干预教育部重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2024年第6期37-43,51,共8页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘双减’政策背景下学校体育高质量发展研究”(22ATY005);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“新课标背景下西藏中小学生健康行为的评测与培养研究”(23YJC890022)。

摘　　要：基于历史溯源视角,梳理单元教学的起源与发展,全面分析我国单元教学的历史发展阶段,并结合案例分析,系统探讨我国体育与健康课程大单元教学的本质特征及实践路径。研究发现,赫尔巴特教育心理学思想润育了单元教学的萌芽,单元教学概念诞生并发展于欧美现代教育运动。20世纪以来我国单元教学理论与实践可以划分为雏形期、探索期、停滞期和发展期,开始了真正意义上的现代转型,迈向体育与健康课程大单元教学。体育与健康课程大单元教学的本质特征包括发展性育人导向、整体性知识体系、系统性结构要素、操作性学科实践。基于现实问题,提出体育与健康课程大单元教学的实践路径:宏观层面以多元联动为综合保障,构建国家课程的“山峰”协同实践模式;中观层面以“五大教学计划”制定为抓手,保障国家课程的系统实施;微观层面以知识体系的整体构建为要点,助力大单元教学的真正落地;个体层面以大单元教学中的学科实践为突破锚点,推动深度学习的真正发生。From a historical origin perspective,this study reviews the origins and development of unit teaching and comprehensively analyzes the historical development stages of unit teaching in China.Through case studies,it systematically explores the essential characteristics and practical pathways of large unit teaching in physical education and health curriculum in China.It finds that Herbart’s educational psychology nurtured the early stages of unit teaching,and the concept of unit teaching emerged and developed during the modern educational movement in Europe and America.Since the 20th century,the theory and practice of unit teaching in China have undergone four stages:the embryonic period,exploratory period,stagnant period and developmental period,marking a genuine modern transformation towards large unit teaching in physical education and health curriculum.The essential characteristics of large unit teaching in physical education and health curriculum include developmental educational orientation,holistic knowledge systems,systematic structural elements and actionable subject-based practice.Addressing practical challenges,the study provides practical pathways for large unit teaching in physical education and health curriculum:at the macro level,a diversified and coordinated model serves as the comprehensive guarantee to build a“peak”collaborative practice model for the national curriculum;at the meso level,the formulation of the Five Major Teaching Plans ensures the systematic implementation of the national curriculum;at the micro level,the holistic construction of the knowledge system is emphasized to ensure the actual implementation of large unit teaching;and at the individual level,subject practice within large unit teaching serves as an anchor point to promote deep learning.

关 键 词：体育与健康课程 大单元教学 历史溯源 核心素养 课程改革 

分 类 号：G807.01[文化科学—体育训练]