多级特征筛选和任务动态对齐的声呐图像小目标检测  

Small target detection in sonar images with multilevel feature screening and task dynamic alignment

作　　者：王燕 王宏辉 刘树东 张艳 郝泽玉 Wang Yan;Wang Honghui;Liu Shudong;Zhang Yan;Hao Zeyu(School of Computer and Information Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300000,China)

机构地区：[1]天津城建大学计算机与信息工程学院,天津300000

出　　处：《光电工程》2024年第10期116-128,共13页Opto-Electronic Engineering

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目(TJGL19XSX-045)。

摘　　要：针对声呐图像中小目标检测难度大、精度低、容易出现错检漏检的问题,本文提出一种基于YOLOv8s的声呐图像小目标检测改进算法。首先,考虑到声呐图像中的小目标通常具有低对比度且易被噪声淹没,提出了高效多级筛选特征金字塔网络(EMS-FPN)。其次,由于解耦头的分类分支和定位分支是独立的,会增加模型的参数量,同时难以有效地适应不同尺度目标的检测需求,导致对于小目标的检测效果不佳,设计了任务动态对齐检测头模块(TDADH)。最后为了验证本文模型的有效性,在URPC2021和SCTD扩充声呐数据集上进行了相应的验证,mAP0.5较YOLOv8s分别提高了0.3%和1.8%,参数量降低了22.5%。结果表明,本文提出的方法在声呐图像目标检测任务中不仅提高了精度,还显著降低了模型参数量。To solve the problem of small target detection in sonar images,which is difficult,low precision,and prone to misdetection and omission detection,this paper proposes an improved algorithm for small target detection in sonar images based on YOLOv8s.Firstly,considering that small targets in sonar images usually have low contrast and are easily overwhelmed by noise,an efficient multi-level screening feature pyramid network(EMS-FPN)is proposed.Secondly,since the classification branch and localization branch of the decoupled head are independent,which will increase the number of parameters of the model,and at the same time,it is difficult to effectively adapt to the detection needs of targets of different scales,resulting in poor detection of small targets,the task dynamic alignment detection head module(TDADH)is designed.Finally,to verify the effectiveness of the model in this paper,the corresponding validation was carried out on URPC2021 and SCTD expanded sonar dataset,mAP0.5 improved by 0.3% and 1.8% compared with YOLOv8s,respectively,and the number of parameters was reduced by 22.5%.The results show that the method proposed in this paper not only improves the accuracy but also significantly reduces the number of model parameters in the task of target detection in sonar images.

关 键 词：水下目标检测 声呐图像 小目标检测 高效多级筛选 任务动态对齐 轻量化 

分 类 号：TP391.4[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]