寒门学子向学动力的生成机制和校园体验  

The Generation Mechanism of Study Motivation for Students From Underprivileged Families and Their Campus Experience

作　　者：鞠法胜 余秀兰[2] JU Fa-sheng;YU Xiu-lan

机构地区：[1]南京大学教育研究院 [2]南京大学高等教育研究所

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第12期88-100,共13页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(BIA230183)——高校困难学生社会互动中情感能量的形成机制研究。

摘　　要：寒门学子的发展跨越可能性是社会结构容纳程度和教育公平实现程度的重要表征。为打破寒门学子学习动力弱化和在校体验匮乏的固有标签,通过对8位寒门学子和16份自传资料中中学经历的深入分析,探究其向学动力的生成机制和校园体验。研究发现:寒门学子在中学阶段的人际互动和环境互动中表现出两种向学动力:一是希望通过积极行动满足未来期望的“期望—满足型”动力;二是努力维持现有资源避免损失的“资源—维持型”动力。上述两种动力的形成和发展均受情感奖惩机制的影响。拥有向学动力使寒门学子能够在“成绩为先”的中学场域规则下取得学业成就,进而通过积极的师生互动和同伴交流获得正性情感,使他们从社会经济地位弱势群体转变为校园内的“优势群体”,从而获取并维持了多样化的资本。这意味着,寒门学子能通过遵循场域规则而获得积极情感和有利位置,这在一定程度上打破了家庭背景的限制。The leapfrog development of students from underprivileged families is an important representation of the degree of social structure accommodation and the degree of educational equity realization.In order to break the inherent label of weak learning motivation and lack of school experience of students from underprivileged families,through in-depth analysis of the middle school experience of 8 students from underprivileged families and 16 autobiographical materials,the generation mechanism of their learning motivation and campus experience are explored.It is found that students from underprivileged backgrounds show two kinds of motivation in interpersonal and environmental interaction in middle school:one is the“expectation-satisfaction”motivation to meet future expectations through active actions,and the other is the“resource-maintenance”motivation to try to maintain existing resources to avoid loss.The formation and development of the above motivation are affected by the emotional reward and punishment mechanism.With the motivation to study,students from underprivileged backgrounds can achieve academic achievements under the“achievement first”rule of the middle school field,and then obtain positive emotions through positive teacher-student interaction and peer communication,so that they can change from the disadvantaged social and economic status to the“advantaged group”in the campus,so as to obtain and maintain diversified capital.This means that students from underprivileged families can obtain positive emotions and favorable positions by following field rules,and break the restrictions of family background to a certain extent.

关 键 词：寒门学子 正性情感 文化资本 社会分层 高等教育 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]