计算机视觉技术在非接触装配尺寸测量中的应用研究  

A Study on the Application of Computer Vision Technology in Non-Contact Assembly Dimensional Measurement

作　　者：吕舟凯 王婧[1] 白普俊 王鹏飞 胡强[2] 郎丽慧 薛灵芝 李贵宾 吴大伟[1] LU Zhoukai;Wang Jing;Bai Pujun;WANG Pengfei;HU Qiang;LANG Lihui;XUE Lingzhi;LI Guibin;WU Dawei(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 320100,China;Changfeng Institute of Mechanical and electrical research,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学,南京320100 [2]西安长峰机电研究所,西安710065

出　　处：《自动化与仪器仪表》2024年第10期305-310,共6页Automation & Instrumentation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(国家重大科研仪器研制项目),飞行器结冰实验中结冰过程和环境参数实时测量系统(12227802)。

摘　　要：零部件装配的合格与否会直接影响整体的工作性能,如固体发动机中的药柱安装位置,其安装位置准确性将直接影响发动机的整体可靠性。针对目前已有的接触式测量方法容易受到主观因素的影响,且安全系数较低等问题,提出一种基于计算机视觉技术的装配尺寸非接触式测量方法。该方法首先通过深度相机获取物品的点云图,之后利用统计学滤波过滤噪声,通过动态“断点搜索”将点云分为上下两个部分,利用正态化平均法求上下两部分点云的平均值,平均值相减得到物体的深度,最后利用Z分数剔除异常值。提出的方法极大提升了深度检测的安全性、准确性和稳定性。测量误差控制在0.25 mm以内,足以满足零部件装配的合格性检测标准。The quality of component assembly directly affects the overall working performance,such as the installation position of the pillars in the solid engine,the accuracy of its installation position will directly affect the overall reliability of the engine.Aiming at the existing contact measurement methods which are easily affected by subjective factors and have a low safety factor,this paper proposes a non-contact measurement method of assembly size based on computer vision technology.The method firstly obtains the point cloud image of the object by depth camera,then uses statistical filtering to filter the noise,divides the point cloud into upper and lower parts by dynamic“breakpoint search”,uses normalized averaging method to find the average value of the upper and lower parts of the point cloud,subtracts the average value to get the depth of the object,and finally uses Z-score to eliminate the outliers.The method proposed in this paper greatly improves the safety,accuracy and stability of depth detection.The measurement error is controlled within 0.25 mm,which is sufficient to meet the conformity inspection standard of parts assembly.

关 键 词：K均值聚类方法 计算机视觉 固体发动机 装配尺寸测量 

分 类 号：TP206[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]