新中国成立75年来高等教育规模扩张的历程、逻辑与展望--基于供给与需求关系演进的视角  

The Process,Logic,and Prospect of the Expansion of Higher Education Scale in the 75 Years since the Founding of the People,s Republic of China:From the Perspective of the Evolution of Supply and Demand Relationships

作　　者：贺祖斌 郭彩清 HE Zu-bin;GUO Cai-qing(Department of Education,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin Guangxi 541006,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学教育学部,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第4期60-70,共11页Journal of Soochow University(Educational Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“普及化阶段区域高等教育系统生态承载力研究”(项目编号:BIA220064)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：从供给与需求的关系视角出发,以普通本专科招生规模和在校生规模为供给测量指标,以高等教育适龄人口规模为需求测量指标,构建“二维四象限”分析框架,对新中国成立75年来高等教育规模扩张历程进行考察,发现其经历了“低供给—低需求”“低供给—高需求”“低供给—低需求”“高供给—高需求”“高供给—低需求”五个阶段,供需关系的演进整体上遵循从扩大数量到提高质量再到内涵式发展、从生态重建到生态失衡再到生态适应、从需求拉动到优化供给再到供需协同发力的逻辑嬗变。基于此,面对当前矛盾与未来挑战,须进一步优化高等教育规模供给,提升供需体系质量水平;调控系统规模适度承载,维持生态系统稳步运行;促进政府和市场双向互动,实现普及化规模供需平衡。From the perspective of the relationship between supply and demand,using the enrollment scale and current student scale of ordinary colleges and universities as supply measurement indicators,and the size of the population of higher education age as demand measurement indicators,a“two-dimensional four quadrant”analysis framework is constructed to examine the expansion process of higher education in the 75 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China.The process is found to have gone through five stages:“low supplylow demand”,“low supply-high demand”,“low supply-low demand”,“high supply-high demand”and“high supply-low demand”.The evolution of the supply-demand relationship generally follows the logic of expanding quantity to improving quality and then to connotative development,from ecological reconstruction to ecological imbalance and then to ecological adaptation,from demand-pull to optimizing supply and then to supply-demand synergy.Based on this,in the face of current contradictions and future challenges,it is necessary to further optimize the supply of higher education scale and improve the quality level of the supply and demand system;moderately carry the scale of the regulatory system to maintain the steady operation of the ecosystem;promote two-way integration between the government and the market,and achieve a balance between supply and demand for the scale-popularization.

关 键 词：高等教育规模扩张 供需平衡 高等教育普及化 高等教育生态系统 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]