红曲的本草考证  

Textural Study on Fermentum Rubrum(Red Yeast Rice)

作　　者：吴孟华[1] 杨柳[1] 李心潼 何轶 马双成 毕培曦[3] 曹晖[1] WU Menghua;YANG Liu;LI Xintong;HE Yi;MA Shuangcheng;Paul Puihay BUT;CAO Hui(College of Pharmacy,Jinan University,Guangzhou 511443,China;Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission,Beijing 100061,China;The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hongkong SAR 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学药学院,广州511443 [2]国家药典委员会,北京100061 [3]香港中文大学,中国香港特别行政区999077

出　　处：《中国药学杂志》2024年第21期2091-2098,共8页Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal

基　　金：全国名老中医药专家传承工作室项目资助(国中医药人教函[2022]75号);全国中药特色技术传承人才培训项目资助(T20234832002)。

摘　　要：目的对红曲进行考证,为红曲的安全用药提供历史依据。方法基于历代古籍文献挖掘、梳理,从红曲名称、产地、原料与辅料、制法、功能、禁忌等方面开展本草考证。结果红曲自古主流名称无明显变化,以福建、江西、浙江为主产地;粳米与籼米是主要原料,以曲母发酵而成;古代红曲的生产过程主要含浸米、蒸饭、拌曲母、发酵、干燥等关键工序,在明代已具备成熟的制备工艺,并沿用至今;红曲药用功效显著,食用功能多样,上千年广泛使用中未见不良反应报道;日本红曲在菌种选用、发酵工艺等方面均与中国红曲不同,加之可能存在杂菌侵染,从而造成不良反应事件发生。结论本研究系统梳理了红曲的药用历史,可为红曲的安全合理使用、更好地开发与利用提供历史依据与文献支撑。OBJECTIVE To provide historical evidence for the safety usage of Fermentum Rubrum(red yeast rice)by textural study.METHODS Based on sorting and collating of historical literatures,this article reviewed name,production area,sourcing,fermentation processing,function and contraindication of red yeast rice.RESULTS The mainstream name of red yeast rice had not changed since ancient times,with Fujian,Jiangxi and Zhejiang as the main production area;japonica rice and indica rice were the main raw materials,fermented with red yeast rice mother;the ancient production process of red yeast rice mainly involved soaking rice,steaming rice,mixing red yeast rice mother,fermentation and drying as the key processes.Now,the manufacturing method of red yeast rice have still been used since the Ming Dynasty.Red yeast rice had remarkable medicinal effects and diverse edible functions,and no adverse reactions had been reported in its widespread use for thousands of years.The selected fungi,fermentation process and other aspects of Japanese red yeast rice were different from Chinese red yeast rice,and there might be infection by miscellaneous bacteria,which might cause adverse reactions.CONCLUSION This study provides systematically review on the medicinal history of red yeast rice,which can give historical base and references for the safe and reasonable application,rational development and utilization of red yeast and its products in China.

关 键 词：红曲 发酵 本草考证 制备工艺 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]