改性淀粉基生物降解塑料包装的进展  

Development of Modified Starch-Based Biodegradable Plastics Packaging

作　　者：林毅 朱品玲 严飞 陈舒奕 LIN Yi;ZHU Pinling;YAN Fei;CHEN Shuyi(Ningde Customs,Ningde,Fujian 352100,China)

机构地区：[1]宁德海关,福建宁德352100

出　　处：《塑料》2024年第6期113-120,共8页Plastics

摘　　要：淀粉作为一种天然高分子材料,无毒、无害,可制备生物降解塑料薄膜替代石化基塑料,保护环境免受“白色污染”的危害。由于淀粉含有羟基、分子间氢键,纯天然淀粉膜的疏水性及力学性能较差,需要对淀粉进行改性处理或与其他化合物混合形成淀粉基复合降解塑料薄膜。综述了淀粉改性方法分别为物理、化学、酶改性法及复合改性,均能提高淀粉基塑料薄膜的疏水性及力学性能;与天然高分子材料、聚合物及纳米颗粒混合制备的淀粉基可生物降解复合薄膜相比,复合薄膜的力学性能、阻隔性能、耐水性等均有显著提升,另外,赋予了复合膜抗菌性、抗紫外线等新的特性。因此,淀粉基生物降解塑料薄膜可作为包装材料,在食品包装等领域具有广泛的应用前景。Starch as a natural polymer material,non-toxic,harmless,biodegradable plastic film can be prepared instead of petrochemical-based plastics to protect the environment from"White Pollution.".The hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of pure natural starch film are poor due to the hydrogen bond between hydroxyl groups and molecules in starch.It needs to be modified or mixed with other compounds to form starch-based composite degradation plastic film.Physical,chemical,enzymatic and composite modification methods are reviewed to improve the hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of starch-based plastic film Starch-based biodegradable composite films were prepared by mixing with natural polymer materials,polymers and nanoparticles.The mechanical properties,barrier properties and water resistance of the composite films were improved,it gives the composite film new functions such as anti-bacteria and anti-ultraviolet.Therefore,as a packaging material,starch-based biodegradable plastic film has broad market prospects in food packaging and other fields.

关 键 词：淀粉 生物降解塑料 淀粉改性 包装 淀粉基复合降解塑料薄膜 

分 类 号：TQ321[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]