马克思的异化批判与拜物教批判——兼评广松涉关于马克思两种批判之间的“断裂”论  

Marx's Critique of Alienation and Critique of Fetishism:A Comment on Hiromatsu Wataru's"Fracture"Theory on Marx's Critique of Alienation and Critique of Reification

作　　者：汪信砚[1] 孔婷 Wang Xinyan;Kong Ting(School of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430000,China;School of Marxism,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,武汉430000 [2]华中科技大学马克思主义学院,武汉430000

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期22-29,共8页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“马克思主义哲学中国化的百年历程与基本经验研究”(23AZX001)。

摘　　要：异化批判是马克思早期在人本学立场上对资本主义社会主客关系的批判,是基于异化劳动对人与物之间颠倒关系的揭示;拜物教批判是马克思后期在历史唯物主义基础上对资本主义社会关系的批判,是基于资本逻辑对人与人的关系被颠倒为物与物的关系的揭示。日本学者广松涉对马克思的拜物教批判理论作了“物象化”解读,并将马克思从异化批判到拜物教批判的思想历程概括为从“主客关系结构”到“社会关系结构”的转变,由此将马克思的异化批判理论视为马克思早期不成熟的思想,强调马克思的异化批判与拜物教批判之间的逻辑断裂,忽视和否定了马克思思想发展过程的连贯性。实际上,马克思的异化批判与拜物教批判在逻辑上是内在关联着的,拜物教批判不仅是异化批判的逻辑延展,而且是对异化批判的创造性推进。从异化批判到拜物教批判,马克思实现了对资本主义社会“物统治人”的彻底批判。Critique of alienation was Marx's early critique of the relationship between the subject and the object in capitalist society from a humanistic perspective,which was a revelation of the inverted relationship between people and things on the baisi of alienated labor.Critique of fetishism was Marx's critique of capitalist social relations in his later period on the basis of historical materialism,which was based on the revelation of the inversion of the relationship between man and man into the relationship between thing and thing by capital logic.Japanese scholar Hiromatsu Wataru(广松涉)provided an interpretation of‘reification"for Marx's theory on critique of fetishism,and summarized Marx's ideological process from critique of alienation to critique of fetishism as a transformation from the"subject-and-object relationship structure"to the"social relationship structure".In this way,he regarded Marx's critique of alienation as his early immature thinking,emphasizing the logical break between Marx's critique of alienation and critique of fetishism,but neglecting and denying the coherence of the development process of Marx's ideology.In actuality,there is an inherent logical connection between critique of alienation and critique of fetishism.Critique of fetishism was not only a logical extension of critique of alienation,but also a creative promotion of critique of alienation.Changing from critique of alienation to critique of fetishism,Marx completed a thorough critique of the"rule of people by things"in capitalist society.

关 键 词：马克思 拜物教批判 异化批判 物象化批判 广松涉 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]