不同品种蜂蜜氨基酸 、多酚类及生物碱类 化合物的主成分分析  

Principal Component Analysis of Amino Acids,Polyphenol Compounds,and Alkaloid Compounds of Honey from Different Varieties

作　　者：周佳 王丽君 禹洁 苏阿龙 文树新 鲁琰农 ZHOU Jia;WANG Lijun;YU Jie;SU Along;WEN Shuxin;LU Yannong(Gansu Food Inspection and Research Institute,Lanzhou 730300,Gansu,China;Gansu Engineering Research Center of Nutrition and Safety Evaluation of Geographical Indication Products,Lanzhou 730300,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省食品检验研究院,甘肃兰州730300 [2]甘肃省地理标志产品营养与安全评价工程研究中心,甘肃兰州730300

出　　处：《食品研究与开发》2024年第24期176-186,共11页Food Research and Development

基　　金：陇原青年创新创业人才项目(2022LQGR63);国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2022MK127)。

摘　　要：对不同品种蜂蜜中氨基酸(amino acid,AAs)、多酚类化合物(plyphenol compounds,PCs)、生物碱类化合物(alkaloid compounds,ACs)等综合品质的差异进行研究,以13种单一品种蜂蜜为研究对象,采用全自动氨基酸分析仪测定氨基酸的种类和含量,采用液相色谱‐串联质谱法测定多酚类和生物碱类化合物的种类和含量,采用主成分分析法、分层聚类分析法及正交偏最小二乘法综合评价。结果表明,蜂蜜中的氨基酸、多酚类化合物含量丰富,均含有16种AAs、23种PCs,浓度范围分别在0.11%~1.13%、16.51~175.95µg/kg,生物碱类化合物含量差异较大,狼牙蜜中含量远高于其他品种蜂蜜,总量为11.80µg/kg。各品种蜂蜜中多酚类化合物、生物碱类化合物、氨基酸含量均存在差异。整体上,狼牙蜜的总氨基酸含量排第3位,多酚类及生物碱类化合物含量均排第1位。通过主成分分析提取2个主成分,累计方差贡献率为84.963%,能较好地反映AAs、PCs、AC的综合信息。分层聚类分析的结果可以有效验证主成分分析的结果,根据综合排名得出前3位分别为两当狼牙蜜、枣花蜜、土蜂蜜。通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析,总多酚、天冬氨酸、总生物碱、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸可作为不同品种蜂蜜的差异性判别物质。This study aimed to analyze the differences in the quality of amino acids(AAs),polyphenol com‐pounds(PCs),and alkaloid compounds(ACs)of honey from thirteen varieties.The types and contents of AAs were determined by an automatic amino acid analyzer,and those of PCs and ACs were determined by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry(LC‐MS/MS).A systematic evaluation was performed by using principal component analysis(PCA),hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA),and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis(OPLS‐DA).The results showed that honey was rich in AAs and PCs,and 16 kinds of AAs and 23 PCs,the concentration ranges were 0.11%to 1.13%and 16.51µg/kg to 175.95µg/kg.The content of ACs varied greatly.Specifically,the content of ACs in wolftooth honey was much higher than that in other varieties of honey,and the total amount was 11.80µg/kg.The contents of AAs,PCs,and ACs were differ‐ent.Overall,the total AA content of wolftooth honey ranked third place,and the contents of PCs and ACs ranked first place.Two principal components were extracted by PCA,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 84.963%,which could better reflect the comprehensive information of AAs,PCs,and ACs.The results of HCA could effectively verify the results of PCA.According to the comprehensive ranking,the top 3 were Li‐angdang wolftooth honey,Chinese date honey,and native honey.Total polyphenols,aspartic acid,total alka‐loids,proline,phenylalanine,and methionine could be used as different discriminant substances of different honey varieties by OPLS‐DA.

关 键 词：蜂蜜 氨基酸 多酚类化合物 生物碱类化合物 主成分分析 

分 类 号：O657.63[理学—分析化学] S896.1[理学—化学]