考虑峰谷分时电价和电池损耗成本的纯电动公交车充电调度优化研究  

Charging Scheduling Optimization of Battery Electric Buses Considering Peak-Valley Electricity Price and Battery Damage Cost

作　　者：郑斐峰[1] 王志鑫 刘明 Zheng Feifeng;Wang Zhixin;Liu Ming(Glorious Sun School of Business and Management,Donghua University,Shanghai 200051,China;School of Economics and Management,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学旭日工商管理学院,上海200051 [2]同济大学经济与管理学院,上海200092

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2024年第11期125-135,共11页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71832001,72271051,72071144);中央高校基本科研专项资金项目(2232018H-07);东华大学研究生创新基金项目(CUSF-DH-D-2022053)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着我国城市公交车纯电动化进程的加速推进,纯电动公交车充电调度运营方案亟待合理化与科学化。本研究以纯电动公交车日常运营中的充电调度作业为切入点,通过剖析纯电动公交车动力电池荷电状态的最佳波动区间,有效刻画电池损耗成本函数。并结合对充电时段的峰谷分时电价等特性的分析,将问题提炼为作业完成度可控的纯电动公交车充电调度决策,并运用平行机调度理论进行数学优化模型刻画与求解论证,目的是最小化公交企业的运营成本。同时,开发了基于随机键编码的免疫优化算法和基于避峰填谷思想的贪婪算法用于求解大规模问题。此外,通过上海的真实公交网络验证了算法的有效性和方法的适用性。The problem of battery electric bus(BEB)charging scheduling is investigated in this study.The problem stems from the large-scale popularization and application of BEBs in especially Chinese urban areas,which bring unprecedented challenges to the current bus operation scheme.It is a very necessary and urgent task to accordingly solve the corresponding scheduling optimization problems emerged due to the application of BEBs.The charging scheduling of BEBs is taken as the research perspective,which aims to provide an efficient and minimum cost charging schedule to meet the electric power demand of BEBs in their daily operations.The BEB battery damage cost is described by analyzing the optimal fluctuation range of the battery state of charge(SoC).The feature of peak-valley electricity price in the time horizon of a full day is furtker depicted.It is mainly observed that in the BEB charging activities,one battery actually needs not to be charged to 100%of SoC,while a minimum percent of SoC after charging is required so as to satisfy the power demand in the next day operation.Therefore,the amount of SoC being charged,which is called the task completion degree in this work,during one BEB charging activity becomes a critical variable in the considered problem.It differs from the classical scheduling problem in which tasks have to be fulfilled to 100%to be satisfied.It is assumed that all the BEB chargers in the charging field are identical in this work.Based on the above analysis and assumption,the considered problem is formulated as the identical parallel machine scheduling problem with controllable task completion degree.A mixed integer linear programming(MILP)model is established with the objective of minimizing the total operation cost,which consists of the cost of power consumed and the BEB battery damage cost.For small-scale instances of the considered problem,exact solutions can be obtained by solving the MILP model via commercial solvers such as CPLEX.For solving large-scale instances,an immune optimization algori

关 键 词：调度优化 电池损耗成本 峰谷分时电价 启发式算法 

分 类 号：O224[理学—运筹学与控制论]