“法律规定的国家考试”:考试作弊犯罪的理解与适用  

Understanding and Application of Crime of Cheating in National Examinations Prescribed by Law

作　　者：周辉[1] 胡林龙[2] ZHOU Hui;HU Lin-long(School of Politics and Law,Yichun University,Yichun 336000,China;School of Economics and Management,Yichun University,Yichun 336000,China)

机构地区：[1]宜春学院政法学院,江西宜春336000 [2]宜春学院经济与管理学院,江西宜春336000

出　　处：《宜春学院学报》2024年第11期23-32,共10页Journal of Yichun University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“考试作弊犯罪新规定实施中法律适用的理论与实践研究”(项目编号:18YJA880118)。

摘　　要：在我国尚未颁布《考试法》、缺欠考试设置总体思路的情况下,究竟有多少部法律规定了多少种国家考试,众说纷纭,莫衷一是。对法律规定的国家考试的认识分歧不但表现在法律部数和考试数量上,而且反映在法律名称和考试类别上。经梳理,我国法律规定的国家考试主要由20部法律规定的16种国家考试组成。会计从业资格考试、会计专业技术资格考试、药师职业资格考试、普通话水平测试不属于法律规定的国家考试。我国《教育法》第21条授权国务院教育行政部门确定的国家考试不能被视为法律规定的国家考试,从而不能追究作弊人的刑事责任。为与国务院行政审批项目改革相协调,执业兽医资格考试、基金从业人员资格考试不宜继续作为法律规定的国家考试。由于网络教育全国统一考试与我国其他三大本科学历教育考试源于同一部法律,与成人高等学校招生考试出于同一法条,与高等教育自学考试同属于课程考试,所以它应被视为法律规定的国家考试。Since the“Law of Examination”has not been promulgated and the general idea of setting up the examinations is lacking,there are many different opinions on how many laws’stipulating how many types of the national examinations.The differences in understanding of the national examinations prescribed by the laws are not only reflected in the number of laws and examinations,but also in the names of the laws and the examination categories.After sorting out,the national examinations stipulated by our laws are mainly composed of 16 kinds of the national examinations stipulated by 20 laws.Through the analysis,the accounting professional qualification examination,the accounting professional and technical qualification examination,the pharmacist professional qualification examination and the Putonghua proficiency test do not belong to the national examination stipulated by law.From a multi-dimensional perspective,the article 21 of the“Education Law”of the People’s Republic of China authorizes that the national examinations determined by the education administrative department of the State Council can’t be regarded as“the national examinations regulated by the laws”,so that the criminal responsibility of the cheaters will not be pursued.In order to coordinate with the reforms of the administrative examination and approval projects of the State Council,the qualification examinations for the practicing veterinary medicine and for the fund practitioners should not continue to be the“national examinations regulated by the laws”.Because the national unified examination for the online education and the other three major undergraduate education examinations in my country originate from the same law,and from the same article of the law as the entrance examination of the adult colleges and universities,belongs to the same curriculum examinations as the self-study examination,it should be recognized as the“national examinations regulated by the laws”.

关 键 词：法律规定 国家考试 考试作弊 作弊犯罪 法律适用 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理]