光泽县土地利用方式对土壤微生物群落结构的影响机制  

The Mechanism of Soil Microbial Community Structure Affected by Land Use Patterns in Guangze County

作　　者：吴丰 徐晨璐 聂小力 杨涛[2,3] 毛聪 许青阳 黄武彪 周双石 王玲 WU Feng;XU Chenlu;NIE Xiaoli;YANG Tao;MAO Cong;XU Qingyang;HUANG Wubiao;ZHOU Shuangshi;WANG Ling(Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;Changsha General Survey Center of Natural Resources,China Geological Survey,Changsha 410600,China;Huangshan Observation and Research Station for Land-Water Resources,Huangshan 245000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉430062 [2]中国地质调查局长沙自然资源综合调查中心,湖南长沙410600 [3]黄山水土资源观测研究站,安徽黄山245000

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第12期190-198,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目:武夷山重点地区生态修复综合调查(DD20230479);南平市典型红壤区地表基质调查(DD20220865);洞庭湖区地表基质成层过程碳源/汇效应与固碳潜力研究(2023SK2066)。

摘　　要：人为活动主导的土地利用方式变化极大程度改变了土壤理化性质,进而影响土壤微生物的群落结构与多样性。但目前自然环境因子、土地利用方式、农业管理措施等如何影响土壤微生物群落结构以及其主导因素尚不明确。为明确武夷山典型红壤区土壤细菌和固氮微生物群落对土地利用方式的响应模式,文章采用高通量测序技术研究了典型红壤区光泽县的5种典型土地利用类型(旱地(SC)、水稻田(SD)、原生杉树林(SM)、人工种植毛竹林(ZL)、原始次生阔叶林(KY))土壤的微生物群落结构及多样性,并探讨了其主要影响因子。结果表明:(1)SD土壤16S rDNA和nifH微生物α多样性指数Chao1指数、Shannon指数显著高于SC,其次为SM、KY、ZL,但Simpson指数在SD土壤中最低。(2)16S rDNA和含nifH基因的固氮微生物Chao1指数、Shannon指数的差异主要与自然因素中的坡度显著负相关(P<0.05),与土壤粉粒含量、水分、pH、NH4+-N含量、可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量显著正相关(P<0.05)。(3)农业用地SC和SD土壤中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)微生物数量显著高于其他非农业用地(SM、KY、ZL)土壤4.97倍和9.30倍,但固氮根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)的相对丰度显著低于其他非农业用地类型84.88%以上。(4)RDA分析显示厚壁菌门相对丰度主要受土壤NH4+-N含量正向影响(P<0.05),固氮根瘤菌属的相对丰度主要受土壤pH的负向影响(P<0.01)。综合分析可知,农业用地土壤细菌群落和厚壁菌门微生物较丰富,但固氮根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)较为稀少,主要与施肥引起的NH4+-N、DOC养分富集密切相关,因此可在自然林地采取适度补肥措施提高土壤养分,促进微生物生长。The changes of land use led by human activities greatly changed the physical and chemical properties of soil,and then affected the community structure and diversity of soil microorganisms.However,it is still unclear that ho w natural environmental factors,land use patterns and agricultural management measures affect soil microbial community structure and its driving factors.In order to clarify the response patterns of soil bacteria and nitrogen fixing microbial communities to land use in Guangze County of Wuyi Mountain,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the soil microbial community structure and diversity of five typical land use types(vegetable land(SC),paddy field(SD),Chinese fir forest(SM),bamboo forest(ZL),and primary secondary broad-leaved forest(KY)).The main influencing factors are also discussed.The results showed that 16S rDNA and nifH microbialαdiversity indices(Chao1 index and Shannon index)were significantly higher than SC index,followed by SM,KY and ZL,but Simpson index had the lowest value in SD soil.The differences of Chao1 index and Shannon index of 16S rDNA and nifH-containing microorganisms were mainly negatively correlated with slope in natural factors(P<0.05),and positively correlated with soil silt content,moisture,pH,NH4+-N content and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)content(P<0.05).The number of Firmicutes in SC and SD soil in agricultural land was 4.97 times and 9.30 times higher than that in other non-agricultural land(SM,KY,ZL),but the relative abundance of Rhizobium was significantly lower than that in other non-agricultural land types(84.88%).RDA analysis showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes was mainly positively affected by soil NH4+-N content(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Rhizobium was mainly negatively affected by soil pH(P<0.01).Comprehensive analysis showed that the bacterial community and Firmicutes were abundant in soil on agricultural land,but the nitrogen-fixing microorganism Rhizobium was rare,which was closely related to NH4+-N and DOC

关 键 词：红壤 土地利用类型 16S rDNA NIFH 驱动因子 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]