在画法几何课程中空间思维的教学实践  

The Cultivation of Spatial Thinking During the Course of Descriptive Geometry

作　　者：黄华华 HUANG Hua-hua(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学材料科学与工程学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《教育教学论坛》2024年第51期13-16,共4页Education And Teaching Forum

基　　金：2019—2022年广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目“力致发光变色的形状记忆高分子的设计合成及其性能研究”(2020A1515010476)。

摘　　要：空间思维能力是学生理解三维立体结构和二维平面投影之间关系的一座桥梁。如何在画法几何教学中有效提高学生的空间思维和空间想象能力,是值得重点探索的课题。根据多年的教学实践,从授课形式、授课理念和哲学思想角度阐述提高学生空间思维的心得,认为既须鼓励学生建立起三维物体与二维平面投影的空间转化信心,也须通过融会贯通的授课方式让学生更好地理解画法几何知识体系,并传递“万变不离其宗”的哲学思想,引导学生以有限的知识来应对变化万千的三维物体的投影问题。The ability of spatial thinking is a bridge for students to understand the relationship between three-dimensional structure and two-dimensional plane projection.How to effectively improve spatial thinking and spatial imagination ability of students is an important topic worthy of study in descriptive geometry teaching.Based on years of teaching practice,the author expounds his experience in improving spatial thinking of students from the perspective of teaching form,teaching methodology and philosophy.The author believes that it is not only necessary to encourage students to establish confidence in the spatial transformation of three-dimensional objects and two-dimensional plane projection,but also to let students better understand the knowledge system of descriptive geometry through a well-integrated teaching method.In addition,it is meaningful to pass on the philosophy of“never changing without its religion”,so as to guide students to deal with the projection problem of various three-dimensional objects with limited knowledge.

关 键 词：画法几何 空间思维 画图能力 正投影法 融会贯通 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]