话语标记语“完了”的语用化  

On the Pragmaticalization of Discourse Marker“Wanle(完了)”

作　　者：杨国萍 贾勉 陆海空 Yang Guoping;Jia Mian;Lu Haikong(School of Foreign Languages,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001;Department of English,City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院外国语学院,江苏常州213000 [2]香港城市大学英文系,中国香港999077

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第9期66-73,共8页Modern Chinese

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“指向汉语二语学习者语言能力提升的话语标记语研究”(2024SJZD092);国家社会科学基金青年项目“话语标记语演变的句法—语用界面研究”(18CYY002);中吴青年创新人才计划(江理工人[2021]167号);江苏理工学院校级教学名师(培养人选)(江理工人[2022]113号)。

摘　　要：动补结构“完了”附着动词后,参与句子概念命题表达,而话语标记语“完了”则可以衔接上下文语篇,传递言者情感态度。现有研究或者是聚焦“完了”的词汇化、语法化演变,或者是注重话语标记功能分析,但对其语用化过程的阐述不够清晰。语料分析表明,动补结构“完了”的语用化,既与句法结构脱落所导致的辖域拓展紧密相关,也与语境意义内化所造成的主观意义强化密不可分。“完了”句法—语用界面的语用化演变得益于概念焦点凸显的变化,其语法焦点向语用焦点的转换,则遵循着由“动作完结意义”到“事件完结意义”再到“完结意义”的投射路径。The verb-complement structure“wanle(完了)”is attached to verbs,contributing to the conceptual propositional meaning of sentences,while discourse marker“wanle(完了)”is characterized with the function of constructing textual cohesion,as well as expressing speaker’s emotion and attitude.Existing studies either concentrate on the grammaticalization or lexicalization of“wanle(完了)”or its marking functions in discourse,but the process of its pragmaticalization has not been clearly explained.Data analysis shows that the pragmaticalization of verb-complement structure“wanle(完了)”is closely related to the scope expansion from the loss of structural elements in high-frequent use as well as the intensification of subjective meaning from the internalisation of contextual meaning.The pragmaticalization of“wanle(完了)”benefits from the change of conceptual focus,and the shift from grammatical to pragmatic focus follows the projection path from“action completion meaning”to“event completion meaning”and finally to“completion meaning”.

关 键 词：“完了” 动补结构 话语标记 语用化 辖域拓展 语境意义内化 焦点 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]