独白式立法观的困境及其超越  

The Dilemma and Transcendence of Monologue-style Legislative View

作　　者：高诗宇 GAO Shiyu

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2024年第6期117-125,194,共10页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：2022年全国教育科学规划教育部青年项目“基于事件史的中美教育交叉学科分类结构演进及动力机制研究”(项目编号:EIA220526)成果。

摘　　要：近代以来形成的独白式立法观包括三种形态,其共同之处是,它们都受主体哲学范式的影响,把孤立自足的主体作为立法活动的准绳,并基于这一基本假设建立立法理论。但是,它们分别存在着目标与理论策略矛盾、主体意志之间相冲突、无法确保公共利益的实现、在传统社会中无法兑现理论承诺,以及无法解决立法合法性的来源等问题。独白式立法观存在的这些问题来源于背后的主体哲学范式。哈贝马斯在批判主体哲学基础上创立的商谈理论,为解决独白式立法观存在的问题提供了新的哲学资源,以此为基础,确立了主体间性立法观,实现了立法观从“我立法”到“我们立法”的范式转变。然而,主体间性立法观依然面临着两大挑战。在人工智能发展突飞猛进的今天,法哲学家在应对这些挑战和考虑如何处理人类主体、赛博格人与人工智能体之间的关系时,必须拓展或超越20世纪的主体间性的立法观。The monologue-style legislative view that emerged in modern times encompasses three forms.All are influenced by the paradigm of subjective philosophy,utilizing the independent and self-contained subject as the benchmark for legislative activities and developing legislative theories based on this fundamental assumption.However,each form encounters certain issues,such as contradictions between objective and theoretical strategies,conflicts between the will of subjects,failures to realize public interests,and shortcomings in fulfilling theoretical promises in traditional society,as well as challenges in addressing the sources of legislative legitimacy.The problem with the monologue-style legislative view lies in the philosophical paradigm of the subject that underpins it.The discourse theory established by Habermas,based on critiques of subjective philosophy,offers new philosophical resources to address these issues.Consequently,an intersubjective legislative view has been developed,achieving a paradigm shift from“I legislate”to“we legislate.”Nonetheless,the intersubjective legislative view still faces two challenges.In an era of rapid advancements in artificial intelligence,legal philosophers must broaden and transcend the intersubjective legislative view of the 20th century when responding to these challenges and considering the relationship between humans,cyborgs,and artificial intelligence.

关 键 词：我立法 我们立法 主体哲学 主体间性 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]