论文跨学科性与科学突破的关系研究  

Research on the Relationship between the Interdisciplinarity of Papers and Scientific Breakthroughs

作　　者：刘嘉明 孙建军[1,3] Liu Jiaming;and Sun Jianjun(Laboratory of Data Intelligence and Interdisciplinary Innovation,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023;Research Institute for Data Management&Innovation,Nanjing University,Suzhou 215163;School of Information Management,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学数据智能与交叉创新实验室,南京210023 [2]南京大学数据管理创新研究中心,苏州215163 [3]南京大学信息管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《情报学报》2024年第12期1386-1398,共13页Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“前沿交叉领域识别与融合创新路径预测方法研究”(23&ZD225)。

摘　　要：跨学科研究对实现科学创新具有重要意义。本文以2001—2020年Science杂志年度突破作为科学突破数据集,基于参考文献视角,通过学科多样性的3个维度测度了科学突破论文的跨学科性,探讨了论文跨学科性与科学突破的关系,并比较了其在不同学科下的差异。研究结果表明,综合性指标Rao-Stirling指数与科学突破存在倒U形关系;学科丰富性与跨学科大组数负向影响科学突破,学科差异性正向影响科学突破;不同学科大组中,论文跨学科性与科学突破的关系存在差异。因此,本文建议,跨学科科研活动应在少数差异性较大的学科中进行;基础学科应避免与过多学科交叉,应用型学科应均衡而广泛地吸收各学科知识;政府和科研机构应积极搭建交叉创新平台。Interdisciplinary research is of great significance for realizing scientific innovation.Based on annual break‐throughs reported in Science magazine from 2001 to 2020,this study measures the interdisciplinarity of scientific break‐throughs through three dimensions of discipline diversity from the perspective of references.Furthermore,it discusses and compares the relationship between interdisciplinarity and scientific breakthroughs in different disciplines.The results re‐veal an inverted U-shaped relationship between the Rao-Stirling index and scientific breakthroughs.Disciplinary variety and the number of discipline groups negatively affect scientific breakthroughs,and disciplinary disparity positively affects scientific breakthroughs.The relationship between interdisciplinarity and scientific breakthroughs differs depending on dis‐cipline groups.Therefore,we suggest that interdisciplinary research activities should be conducted in a few disciplines with large differences.Basic sciences should avoid being combined with too many disciplines,and applied sciences should absorb knowledge from various disciplines in a balanced and extensive manner.Furthermore,governments and research in‐stitutions should actively build cross-innovation platforms.

关 键 词：跨学科性 科学突破 参考文献 学科差异 

分 类 号：G353.1[文化科学—情报学]