从共同体意识建构到民族和谐——哈萨克斯坦国家认同建构的政治实践  

Building a Sense of Community for National Harmony:Political Practices of National Community Construction in Kazakhstan

作　　者：方长明[1] FANG Chang-ming

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第12期85-94,192,共11页Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大攻关项目“中国近现代中华民族共同体文献整理与数据库建设研究”(22JZD024)。

摘　　要：复杂的民族构成以及苏联时期的边界划分,加之缺少现代民族国家的治理经验,外界预计20世纪90年代后的中亚可能会陷入长期的民族冲突和领土纷争当中,但实际情况恰恰相反。尽管中亚国家中居住着一定数量的跨境民族,但他们并没有提出领土要求,各国也没有因其民族问题而干涉邻国内政。以哈萨克斯坦为例,分析它如何通过“哈萨克斯坦人”这一共同体意识的建构来强化国家建设,既确保了哈萨克人的主体地位,又维护了其他各民族的利益,最终达到“民族和谐”的目标。Due to its complex ethnic composition,the border delineation during the period of the Soviet Union,and the lack of governance experience in a modern nation-state,external observers predicted that Central Asia might fall into long-term ethnic conflicts and territorial disputes since the 1990s.However,the actual situation was quite the opposite.Despite the presence of a certain number of cross-border ethnic groups in Central Asian countries,they did not put forward territorial claims,and countries in the area did not interfere in their neighbors'internal affairs due to ethnic issues.Taking Kazakhstan as an example,this paper analyzes how it strengthens national construction by constructing the sense of community of“Kazakhstani”,which not only ensures the dominant position of Kazakhs but also safeguards the interests of other ethnic groups,ultimately achieving the goal of“ethnic harmony”.

关 键 词：国家认同 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦人 共同体意识 

分 类 号：C958.1[社会学—民族学]