我国场馆科学教师的专业能力如何——分析框架构建与实证调查  

The Professional Practice Competencies of Chinese Science Museum Educators-An Analytic Framework and Empirical Survey

作　　者：裴新宁[1,2] 看召草 胡若楠 Pei Xinning;Kan Zhaocao;Hu Ruonan(Institute of International and Comparative Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062;The Institute of Curriculum&Instruction,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学科学教育研究与教学中心,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《远程教育杂志》2024年第6期43-52,72,共11页Journal of Distance Education

基　　金：中国科协青少年科技中心“全国科普教育基地面向青少年高质量开放服务的现状调查和促进措施”(项目编号:00000-401215-21027);中国科普研究所2022年度研究生科普能力提升项目“科普游戏的教育性和游戏性融合机制与路径研究”(项目编号:KXYJS2022061)的研究成果。

摘　　要：高质量的科学教育离不开非正式科学教育体系的有力支撑,而场馆科学教师作为这一体系中的核心力量,其教学传播能力直接影响场馆科学教育的质量与成效。当前,他们被赋予了参与中小学科学课程教学深化改革的重要使命,更加凸显了提升其专业能力的必要性。为探究场馆科学教师是否能够胜任这一专业角色,本研究以学科教学知识框架为基础,结合情境学习理论,提出了场馆科学教师专业实践能力的分析框架,并设计调查问卷,对我国487名场馆科学教师进行了实证调查。研究结果表明,我国场馆科学教师队伍以中青年为主,专业背景多元,但接受过科学教育或科学传播专业训练的人员比例较低;在科学本质的理解、教学互动实践能力等方面存在较明显的薄弱环节;在职业发展方面,培训方向和路径亟待明确。基于此,研究提出了加快推进场馆科学教师专业化进程的政策建议。The advancement of high-quality science education is impossible without the effective support provided by informal science education systems.Within these systems,museum science educators play a pivotal role in shaping the quality and impact of informal science learning.As integral contributors to the broader science education ecosystem,these educators are increasingly tasked with supporting reforms in primary and secondary science curricula,underscoring the critical need to enhance their professional practice competencies.This study proposes an analytical framework grounded in pedagogical content knowledge(PCK)and situated learning theory to assess the professional competencies of museum science educators.Drawing on data from a nationwide survey of 487 museum science educators in China,the findings indicate that the cohort predominantly comprises young and middle-aged teachers with diverse academic and career backgrounds.However,only a small proportion of respondents reported receiving specialized training in science education or science communication,both of which are foundational to informal science education.Key deficiencies were identified in their understanding of the nature of science and their capacity to implement interactive teaching practices that foster learner engagement in informal settings.Furthermore,the lack of professional training poses challenges to their professional deuelopment.Based on these findings,the study offers policy recommendations aimed at accelerating the professionalization of museum science educators and strengthening their contributions to the informal science education system.

关 键 词：场馆科学教师 非正式科学教育 专业实践能力 场馆中特定科学教学知识 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学]