如何化解教师学术创业承诺冲突——基于美国研究型大学的经验  

Resolving the Commitment Conflict of TeacherAcademic Entrepreneurship in Research Universities in the United States

作　　者：姚琳[1] 黎婷 邓燕红 YAO Lin;LI Ting;DENG Yanhong(Faculty of Education,Southwest University,Chongqing400715,China;Southern Experimental Primary School Affiliated to Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部,重庆400715 [2]四川大学附属实验小学南区学校,四川成都610065

出　　处：《教师教育学报》2025年第1期56-66,共11页Journal of Teacher Education

摘　　要：美国研究型大学将教师学术创业视为延长知识生产链条、推动成果转化、履行社会服务职能的重要途径。然而,教师在学术创业过程中扮演着学者和企业家双重角色,受到学术文化与创业文化的交织影响,且难以明晰大学传统职能与学术创业之间的职责边界,从而引发承诺冲突。承诺冲突具体表现在教学、研究以及社会服务三个方面。面对教师学术创业中的承诺冲突,美国研究型大学从制度建设、文化氛围、角色认同、职责边界和分配机制入手,建立事先批准与事后披露制度,营造学术文化与创业文化共生环境,遵循学术工作与创业工作多重规范,建立利益共享分配机制,实现从冲突到互惠共赢的转化,以更好地平衡教师在学术创业、教学科研与社会服务之间的职责承诺,从而推动教师向学术型企业家过渡。Research universities in the United States regard teacher academic entrepreneurship as an important way to extend the knowledge production chain,to promote the achievement transformation and to fulfill the social service function.However,teachers play a dual role as scholars and entrepreneurs in the process of academic entrepreneurship.Moreover,due to the cross-impact of academic culture and entrepreneurial culture,as well as the blurred boundary between traditional functions and academic entrepreneurship in research universities,teachers therefaces commitment conflicts in the process of academic entrepreneurship.The conflict of commitment is manifested in three aspects:teaching,research and social service.In addressing the commitment conflicts faced by teachers in academic entrepreneurship,Research universities in the United States adopt a comprehensive approach focusing on system construction,cultural atmosphere,role identity,duty boundaries,and distribution mechanisms.They establish a prior approval and post-disclosure system,foster a symbiotic environment where academic culture and entrepreneurial culture coexist,adhere to multiple norms of acade-mic and entrepreneurial work,and create a benefit-sharing and distribution mechanism.This approach aims to transform conflicts into mutual benefit and win-win outcomes,better balancing teachers'responsibilities and commitments in academic entrepreneurship,teaching and research,and social ser-vice,ultimately facilitating their transition into academic entrepreneurs.

关 键 词：教师 学术创业 承诺冲突 学术型企业家 美国 

分 类 号：G645[文化科学—高等教育学] G649.712[文化科学—教育学]