中小学教师工作负担的现状考察及其影响因素——基于G市中小学教师的调查数据分析  

Primary and Secondary School Teachers'Workload and the Influencing Factors:Based on the Survey Data from the Primary and Secondary Schools in City G

作　　者：李媛 谢敏敏 刘珲 LI Yuan;XIE Minmin;LIU Hui(Guangzhou Institute of Education Research,Guangzhou 510030,China;School of Public Administration,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China;College of Education Sciences,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市教育研究院,广东广州510030 [2]华南师范大学公共管理学院,广东广州510631 [3]华南师范大学教育科学学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《教师教育学报》2025年第1期97-105,共9页Journal of Teacher Education

摘　　要：工作资源的供给水平一定程度上可以反映员工的工作状态。通过对大城市G市24949份中小学教师有效调查问卷的数据分析发现,中小学教师工作时间远超出国家法定要求,工作负担总体处于中等水平。在各类型工作负担中,教育教学型工作负担相对较重,非教育教学型工作负担相对较轻。不同性别、学历、教龄、职称等级、任教学段等条件下,中小学教师工作负担存在显著差异。物质资源和认知资源两类工作资源对教师工作负担均有预测作用。基于此,为大城市的教师减负工作提出以下建议:树立正确的教师工作负担观念;关注不同条件教师工作负担的差异性;协调好学校管理与教育教学的关系;提高中小学教师专业素养与水平。The level of supply of work resources can reflect the work status of employees to a certain extent.Through the data analysis of 24,949 valid questionnaires of primary and secondary school teachers in city G,it was found that the working hours of primary and secondary school teachers far exceed the national mandatory requirements,and the workload is generally at a moderate level.Among various types of workloads,educational and teaching burden are relatively heavy.There are significant differences in the workload of primary and secondary school teachers under different conditions such as gender,education background,teaching experience,professional title level,and teaching stage.Both material resources and cognitive resources have predictive effects on teachers'workload.Based on this,the following suggestions are put forward for reducing the burden of teachers in big cities:establish a correct concept of teachers'workload;pay attention to the differences in teachers'workload under different conditions;coordinate the relationship between school management and education and teaching;and improve the professional quality and level of primary and secondary school teachers.

关 键 词：中小学教师 工作负担 工作资源 物质资源 情感资源 认知资源 

分 类 号：G451.2[文化科学—教育学]