打破女性参与STEM的桎梏:世界银行的理念与应对  

Breaking the Shackles of Women's Participation in STEM:The World Bank's Philosophy and Response

作　　者：闫温乐[1] 卢鑫琦 YAN Wenle;LU Xinqi(Research Institute for International and Comparative Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,上海200234

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2024年第12期59-69,共11页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：2023年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大委托项目“联合国“公共数字学习门户”建设参与全球数字教育治理及公共服务研究”(项目编号:23JZDW12)。

摘　　要：STEM已被国际社会视为提高国家创新能力和国际竞争力的重要途径,但女性参与STEM教育和就业依然存在阻碍因素,比如社会的刻板职业印象、女性自我效能的缺失、学校STEM教师的短缺、教科书中的显性性别偏见、利于男性的就业市场结构倾斜等。世界银行一直将性别平等作为其教育援助的战略优先事项之一。在核心理念上,世界银行从对性别问题的宽泛关注逐渐聚焦到支持女性参与STEM教育和就业;在实践应对上,世界银行利用榜样示范的方式帮助女性树立参与STEM的信心,搭建一体化的社会支持网络为女性提供STEM技术援助,提供技能培训以提高女性STEM就业能力,为女性创建更具包容性的STEM行业工作环境。从理念到应对,世界银行逐一打破女性参与STEM教育和就业的桎梏,对加快实现性别平等和可持续发展目标提供了政策参考和经验借鉴。STEM is internationally recognized as crucial for enhancing national innovation and international competitiveness,barriers to women's participation in STEM education and employment persist,including societal stereotypes,lack of self-efficacy among women,shortage of STEM teachers,explicit gender biases in textbooks,and structural imbalances in the job market.The World Bank has consistently prioritized gender equality in its educational assistance strategies.Conceptually,the Bank has evolved its focus from a broad gender perspective to supporting women in STEM education and employment.In practice,the Bank supports women's confidence in STEM through role modeling,provides an integrated social support network for STEM technical assistance,offers skill training to enhance women's STEM employability,and fosters a more inclusive STEM industry environment for women.From conceptual shift to practical response,the World Bank is breaking down barriers to women's participation in STEM education and employment,offering insights and guidance for accelerating progress towards gender equality and sustainable development goals.

关 键 词：女性 STEM教育 性别平等 世界银行 

分 类 号：G511[文化科学—教育学]