先秦儒家人性论缺环补苴及对汉魏六朝的沾溉——以佚文献为中心  

The Missing Link Supplement of Pre-Qin Confucian Theory of Human Nature and its Positive Impact to the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties:Centered on Lost Documents

作　　者：杨柳青 YANG Liuqing

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《孔子研究》2024年第6期118-126,160,共10页Confucius Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“先秦散佚子书辑考与研究”(项目编号:24CZW024);中国博士科学基金第74批面上资助项目“儒家散子书辑考与研究”(项目编号:2023M740310)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人性之辩是先秦颇为兴盛的学术议题,供文献和出土文献可补直孔子“性相近、习相远”与孟子性善论、苟子性恶论之间的缺环。孔子以习论性,七十子漆雕开、宓子则言性有善有恶且善恶不可变易,七十子后学世硕提出善恶可养,公孙尼子以气论性,《性自命出》以情论性,孟子性善论和苟子性恶论离不开七十子及其后学的先导。先秦人性论遗泽予汉魏六朝并衍生出才性论,后者成为人物品鉴和文艺审美领域的核心范畴。曹魏时期的才性论保留先秦余绪,主张才性乃天所赋,晋虞溥提出才性可随教而移,南朝刘则明确指出积学可富才、才性可习染。The debate of human nature was quite flourishing academic issue in Pre-Qin Dynasty.Lost documents and unearthed documents can make up for the missing link between Confucius'"nature is close,the practice is far away"and Mencius'theory of good nature,Xunzi's theory of evil nature.Confucius used habit to discuss human nature,seventy Confucian disciples Qi Diaozi,Mi Zi said that there are good and evil in human nature,which can not be changed.Their disciples Shi Shuo put forward the theory that good nature or evil nature can be raised.Gongsun Nizi used Qi theory to discuss nature,Xing Zi Ming Chu used emotion theory to discuss nature.Mencius'theory of good nature and Xunzi's theory of evil nature could not be separated from the forerunner by seventy Confucian disciples and their disciples.The theory of human nature in pre-Qin was benefited to the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties and evolved into the theory of talent and nature,which became the core category of character appraisal and aesthetic field of literature and art.In Cao Wei period,the theory of talent and nature retained the remnants of theory in pre-Qin period,advocating that talent is endowed by heaven.In Jin Dynasty,Yu Pu's Li Xue suggested that talent can be changed by education.In Southern Dynasty,Liu Xie explicitly pointed out that the accumulation of learning can enrich talent,that is talent can be learned.

关 键 词：人性论 以气论性 以情论性 生才性论 佚文献 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]