威廉·吉尔平的如画美学与梭罗散文审美风格的形成  

William Gilpin's Picturesque Theory and the Formation of Thoreau's Aesthetic Style in Prose

作　　者：毛凌滢[1] Mao Lingying(the College of Foreign Languages and Cultures,Chongqing University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学外国语学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2024年第6期27-41,共15页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“如画美学与18、19世纪英美文学思潮的关系研究”(23AWW006);国家社会科学基金一般项目“视觉艺术与美国文学的历史发展与革新研究”(17BWW004)。

摘　　要：上世纪九十年代,梭罗研究开始在国内兴起,此后学者们从文化、政治、超验主义哲学等层面对梭罗及其散文进行了多样化的阐释。但总体来看,从生态批评视角探究梭罗的自然书写的研究占据了主流,而对梭罗自然书写的美学考察比较少见。对梭罗生态思想的过度强调,常常遮蔽了其散文的美学价值。本文立足19世纪美国浪漫主义时期的文化与美学语境,探析以威廉·吉尔平为代表的18世纪英国如画美学对梭罗自然书写的影响,揭示梭罗散文审美风格形成的渊源及其风景再现的美学特征。一方面,梭罗在风景再现的诸多层面的确吸纳、运用了吉尔平的如画美学理念和原则,另一方面他又善于挖掘本土的荒野风景,将如画美学与诗性、野性、道德和科学性等相结合,形成了独特的梭罗式风格。梭罗不仅培养了美国人的自然审美品味,也深刻影响了其后的美国自然文学的创作。In the 1990s,the study of Thoreau began to rise in China.Since then,scholars have diversified the interpretation of Thoreau and his prose from the aspects of culture,politics,and transcendentalist philosophy.However,in general,the research on Thoreau's nature writing from the perspective of ecocriticism occupies the mainstream,while the aesthetic investigation of Thoreau's nature writing is relatively rare.The overemphasis on Thoreau's ecological thought has often obscured the aesthetic value of his prose.Based on the cultural and aesthetic context of the American Romantic period in the 19th century,this paper explores the infiuence of the eighteenth-century British picturesque theory represented by William Gilpin on Thoreau's nature writing,and reveals the origin of Thoreau's prose aesthetic style and the aesthetic characteristics of his landscape reproduction.On the one hand,Thoreau did employ Gilpin's picturesque concepts and principles in many aspects of landscape representation;on the other hand,he was good at excavating the native landscapes,combining the picturesqueness with poetic description,scientific accuracy,wildness,and moral elements to form a unique Thoreau style.Thoreau not only cultivated the American's natural aesthetic sensibilities,but also exerted a profound infiuence on subsequent natural literature in the United States.

关 键 词：亨利·戴维·梭罗 威廉·吉尔平 如画 风景 荒野美学 

分 类 号：I01[文学—文学理论]