果实套袋在菠萝蜜栽培管理中的应用  

Application Research of Fruit Bagging in the Cultivation and Managementof Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (jackfruit)

作　　者：钟瑶凤 王政 张绍华 朱恩杭 査学宗 吴刚[4] 林先武 季恒青[3] 孟倩倩 ZHONG Yaofeng;WANG Zheng;ZHANG Shaohua;ZHU Enhang;ZHA Xuezong;WU Gang;LIN Xianwu;JI Hengqing;MENG Qianqian(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400042,China;Department of Disinfection and Vector Control,Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for High Pathogenic Microbes,Chongqing 400042,China;Research Institute of Spice and Beverage,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops,Wanning,Hainan 571533,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院/热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南儋州571737 [2]重庆市农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,重庆400042 [3]重庆市疾病预防控制中心消毒与媒介生物控制所/高致病性病原微生物重庆市重点实验室,重庆400042 [4]中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁571533

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第1期143-151,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省科技专项(No.ZDYF2023XDNY035);国家热带植物种质资源库项目(No.NTPGRC2024-018);云南省谭乐和专家工作站项目(No.202205AF150037)。

摘　　要：本研究为探明果实套袋在菠萝蜜栽培过程中对果实病虫害发生率、农药使用率及品质的影响,为菠萝蜜优质高效栽培技术提供支撑。以10个菠萝蜜品种珍珠果、香饮所11号、香饮所18号、泰国四季红、马来西亚1号、马来西亚2号、马来西亚3号、马来西亚4号、马来西亚5号和马来西亚6号为试验材料,计算套袋和未套袋果实的病虫害发生率及新增虫孔数,评价果实果皮及果肉色泽等外观品质,测定其果实可溶性固形物含量,统计整个生长季节的农药使用次数及施用量。结果表明:10个品种未套袋果实的软腐病发生率为10.48%~25.00%,套袋果实的软腐病发生率仅为0~2.62%,套袋后软腐病发生率降低77.55%~100.00%;各品种未套袋果实的炭疽病发生率为10.00%~30.24%,套袋果实的炭疽病发生率为0~4.56%,套袋后炭疽病发生率降低69.99%~100.00%;黄翅绢丝野螟在各品种未套袋果实的发生率为23.33%~37.50%,套袋果实的发生率为4.00%~8.33%,套袋后发生率降低74.62%~88.35%;各品种套袋果实的新增虫孔和出虫数均显著少于未套袋果实;与未套袋果实相比,套袋果实果形更加饱满,果面更加光洁,果皮着色均匀;未套袋果实果形存在畸形和果皮着色不均匀等缺点;套袋对10个品种菠萝蜜可溶性固形物含量无显著影响;菠萝蜜果实套袋后化学农药使用减少5次、施用量减少85.87%。综上,果实套袋可作为菠萝蜜的一种生态友好管理方法,在减施化学农药的同时,可减轻菠萝蜜病虫为害,且不降低果实品质。The study was aimed to investigate the effects of fruit bagging on disease and pest incidence,pesticide rate and quality of fruits in the cultivation of jackfruit(Artocarpus heterophyllus)and to provide support for the high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation technique of jackfruit.With ten cultivars of jackfruit used as the experi-mental materials,the incidence of disease and pest and the number of new wormholes were calculated for bagging and non-bagging fruits.At the same time,the appearance quality such as the color of fruit pericarp and pulp were evaluated,and the content of soluble solid was determined.Moreover,the frequency and amount of pesticide application in the whole growing season were counted.The results showed that the rhizopus rot incidence of non-bagging fruits was 10.48%-25.00%,the rhizopus rot incidence in bagging fruits was only 0-2.62%,and the rhizopus rot incidence was reduced by 77.55%-100.00%in bagging fruits of ten cultivars.Similarly,the anthracnose incidence of all cultivars of non-bagging and bagging fruits was 10.00%-30.24%and 0-4.56%respectively,and the anthracnose incidence of bag-ging fruits decreased by 69.99%-100.00%.In addition,the incidence of jackfruit borer in all cultivars ranged from 23.33%-37.50%in non-bagging fruits and 4.00%-8.33%in bagging fruits,with the incidence of bagging fruits de-creased by 74.62%-88.35%,in which the number of new wormholes and insects in bagging fruits of each cultivar was significantly less than those in non-bagging fruits.Compared to the non-bagging fruit,the bagging fruit was fuller in shape,the fruit surface was smoother,and the pericarp color was uniform.The non-bagging fruits had disadvantages of deformed fruit shape and uneven pericarp color.Bagging had no significant effect on the soluble solids content.By bagging the fruit,the frequency of pesticide application was reduced by 5 times and the amount of pesticide application was reduced by 85.87%.In summary,fruit bagging can be used as an eco-friendly management method of jackfruit,whi

关 键 词：菠萝蜜 套袋 病虫害 色泽 可溶性固形物 农药使用率 

分 类 号：S667.8[农业科学—果树学]