上海地区“锦”系列黄桃花芽需冷量和开花需热量研究  

Study on the chilling requirement of flower buds and heat requirement of flowering of“Jin”series yellow peaches in Shanghai

作　　者：张明昊 李雄伟[1] 周慧娟[1,2] 马小雯 苏明申 杜纪红[1] 张夏南[1] 叶正文[1,2] ZHANG Minghao;LI Xiongwei;ZHOU Huijuan;MA Xiaowen;SU Mingshen;DU Jihong;ZHANG Xianan;YE Zhengwen(Forest and Fruit Tree Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology,Shanghai 201403,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement,Nanjing 210014,China;Agro-Technology Extension Center of Fengxian District,Shanghai 201499,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所,上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海201403 [2]江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,南京210014 [3]上海市奉贤区农业技术推广中心,上海201499

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2024年第6期33-41,共9页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设[沪农科卓(2022)004];上海市农委科技兴农项目[沪农科推字(2018)第1-7号]。

摘　　要：连续2年(2021年11月—2022年4月和2022年11月—2023年4月)采用0—7.2℃模型和有效积温模型对上海地区9个“锦”系列黄桃品种的花芽需冷量和开花需热量进行估算,并对不同年份间、不同品种间、需冷量与需热量间以及需冷量和需热量与盛花期和果实生育期之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:9个“锦”系列黄桃品种中,花芽2年的需冷量平均值在551—867 h,花芽需冷量最低的品种是‘锦春’,为551 h;‘锦香’‘锦冠’和‘锦绣’的花芽需冷量居中,为704—767 h;‘锦辉’‘锦枫’‘锦园’‘锦花’和‘锦硕’的花芽需冷量较高,为823—867 h。花芽2年的开花需热量平均值在251—285 d·℃,开花需热量较低的品种是‘锦春’‘锦香’和‘锦冠’,为251—258 d·℃;‘锦枫’‘锦园’‘锦绣’和‘锦花’的开花需热量居中,为270—275 d·℃;‘锦辉’和‘锦硕’的开花需热量较高,为282—285 d·℃。花芽需冷量与开花需热量之间呈极显著正相关关系。需冷量和需热量与盛花期存在相关关系,需冷量和需热量低的品种开花早,需冷量和需热量高的品种开花晚。需冷量和需热量与果实成熟期无相关关系。For two consecutive years(November 2021 to April 2022 and November 2022 to April 2023),the 0—7.2℃model and effective accumulated temperature model were used to estimate the chilling requirement(CR)of flower buds and heat requirement(HR)of flowering in 9“Jin”series yellow peach varieties in Shanghai.The relationships between different years,varieties,CR and HR,as well as between CR and HR and full bloom period and fruit growth period were analyzed.The results showed that among the 9“Jin”series yellow peach varieties,the average CR of flower buds for 2 years was between 551 and 867 hours,and the variety with the lowest CR of flower buds was‘Jinchun’,which was 551 hours.The flower buds of‘Jinxiang’,‘Jinguan’,and‘Jinxiu’had a moderate CR,ranging from 704 to 767 hours;The flower buds of‘Jinhui’,‘Jinfeng’‘Jinyuan’,‘Jinhua’and‘Jinshuo’had a relatively high CR,ranging from 823 to 867 hours.The average HR of flowering for 2 years was between 251—285 d·℃,and the varieties with lower HR of flowering were‘Jinchun’,‘Jinxiang’,and‘Jinguan’,which were between 251—258 d·℃.‘Jinfeng’,‘Jinyuan’,‘Jinxiu’,and‘Jinhua’had a moderate HR of flowering,ranging from 270 to 275 d·℃;‘Jinhui’and‘Jinshuo’had a relatively high HR of flowering,ranging from 282 to 285 d·℃.There was a highly significant positive correlation between CR of flower buds and HR of flowering.There was a correlation between CR and HR and the full bloom period.Varieties with low CR and HR bloomed earlier,while varieties with high CR and HR bloomed later.There was no correlation between CR and HR and the fruit ripening period.

关 键 词：桃 需冷量 需热量 花芽 盛花期 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]