德国双元制职业教育的现实挑战与战略举措研究--基于《德国教育2024》和《2024年职业教育指标报告》的分析  

Research on the Challenges and Strategic Initiatives of the German Dual Vocational Education System:Analysis Based on Bildung in Deutschland 2024 and Berufsbildungsbericht 2024

作　　者：杨艳君[1] 邹斯彧[1] 帅扬之 Yang Yanjun;Zou Siyu;Shuai Yangzhi(College of Foreign Languages,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌工程学院外国语学院,江西南昌330099

出　　处：《职教论坛》2024年第12期120-128,共9页Journal of Vocational Education

基　　金：江西省教改课题“新工科背景下理工院校校本课程虚拟教研室构建与实践”(编号:JXJG-22-18-18),主持人:杨艳君;教育部产学合作协同育人项目“新工科背景下工程翻译国际化人才培养模式研究与实践”,主持人:杨艳君;南昌工程学院教学改革研究项目“数值时代基于语言服务产业的MTI翻译技术教学靶向研究”(编号:NGYJG-2023-007),主持人:杨艳君。

摘　　要：德国双元制职业教育在全球的德国企业中都享有较高认可度。然而,受经济、社会、国家政策及国际形势等多重因素影响,德国双元制职业教育近年来也面临多重外部冲击。为应对挑战,德国联邦政府连续发布两个重磅报告:第十版《德国教育2024》报告与《2024年职业教育指标报告》,以期推动德国职业教育的进一步发展。本文分析了德国双元制职业教育与培训面临的现实挑战,并根据两份报告归纳了德国联邦政府为保障职业教育与培训持续发展所采取的四重举措。最后,结合中国的职业教育现状,提出了中国职业教育发展的四大改革路径,旨在为中国职业教育改革提供借鉴和启示。The German dual vocational education system is highly esteemed within the nation's vocational training framework and is globally recognized among German enterprises.However,influenced by multiple factors such as the economy,society,national policies,and international situation,Germany's dual vocational education system has also faced external shocks in recent years.In response to these challenges,the German Federal Government has published two pivotal reports:the tenth edition of Bildung in Deutschland 2024 and the Berufsbildungsbericht 2024,with the intention of propelling the advancement of vocational education in Germany.This study analyzes the practical challenges faced by the German dual vocational education and training system.It sums up four strategic initiatives implemented by the German Federal Government to safeguard the sustainability of vocational education and training,as inferred from the aforementioned reports.In conclusion,this paper,by taking into account the current state of vocational education in China,proposes four major reform pathways for vocational education development,with the aim of offering insights and inspiration for the reform.

关 键 词：双元制教育 现实挑战 战略举措 德国教育2024 2024年职业教育指标报告 

分 类 号：G719[文化科学—职业技术教育学]