国家认同视域下的《国家通用语言文字法》修改  

Revision of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language from the Perspective of National Identity

作　　者：叶强 Ye Qiang

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学国家治理学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2025年第1期44-53,共10页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

基　　金：2024年度法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“《民族团结进步促进法》的规范类型及内容体系研究”(24SFB3004)。

摘　　要：学界对于《国家通用语言文字法》修改的研究,从注重国家通用语言文字的标准化,发展到重视语言权的保护,再发展到强调国家通用语言文字的认同作用,形成了朝着铸牢中华民族共同体意识的方向发展的修法共识。从国家认同语境看,《国家通用语言文字法》的修改应从处理好国家通用语言文字与少数民族语言文字的关系入手,着重解决以下问题:国家通用语言文字在法律上应该具有何种地位?少数民族语言文字应该如何学习和使用?对于某些特殊群体,国家通用语言文字水平是否应该有硬性要求?作为国家通用语言文字教育的主阵地,学校应该做什么?参考近年来国家层面的语言文字政策和地方性法规规章内容,建议:确认国家通用语言文字的主体地位,明确少数民族语言文字使用的具体情形,规定国家机关、教育机构和其他公共服务行业工作人员的语言资质条件,配齐少数民族学校教授国家通用语言文字的教材、师资和设备,真正让这部法律成为国家通用语言文字保护和传承的根基。Previous researches on the revision of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language have shifted the focus from the standardization of the national common language and script to the protection of language rights,and then to the role of the national common language and script in national identifi cation,thus forming a consensus towards strengthening the sense of community of the Chinese nation.From the perspective of national identity,the revision of the law should start with handling the relationship between the national common language and script and ethnic minority languages and scripts,and focus on addressing the following issues:what legal status should the national common language and script have?How should ethnic minority languages and scripts be learned and used?Is there a mandatory requirement for certain special groups in terms of their profi ciency in the national common language and script?As the main battlefi eld of national common language and script education,what should schools do?With reference to the national policies and local regulations and rules in recent years,it is recommended to confi rm the dominant position of the national common language and script,clarify the specifi c circumstances for the use of ethnic minority languages and scripts,establish language profi ciency requirements for personnel in state organs,educational institutions,and other public service industry,provide ethnic minority schools with teaching materials,faculty,and equipment for teaching the national common language and script,and truly make this law the foundation for the protection and inheritance of the national common language and script.

关 键 词：国家认同 铸牢中华民族共同体意识 国家通用语言文字 少数民族语言文字 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]