基于电子鼻和气相离子迁移谱技术分析南北柴胡气味物质差异  

Analysis of Odor Substance Difference from Beichaihu(Bupleurum Chinense)and Nanchaihu(B.Scorzonerifolium)by Electronic Nose and GC-IMS

作　　者：王世丽 朱娟娟 吕畅 戴衍朋[2,3] 张军 石典花[2,3] WANG Shili;ZHU Juanjuan;LYU Chang;DAI Yanpeng;ZHANG Jun;SHI Dianhua(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China;Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China;Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-processing and Carbonizing of SATCM,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中医药大学,山东济南250014 [2]山东省中医药研究院,山东济南250014 [3]国家中医药管理局中药蜜制和制炭炮制技术与原理重点研究室,山东济南250014

出　　处：《中华中医药学刊》2025年第1期134-141,I0019-I0023,共13页Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家中医药管理局第七批全国老中医药专家学术经验继承项目(国中医药人教函[2022]76号);国家中医药管理局中药炮制技术传承基地建设项目(国中医药办规财函[2022]185号);国家中医药管理局全国中药特色技术传承人才培育项目(国中医药人教函[2022]96号);山东省重点研发计划项目(2017GSF19117);山东省中医药科技发展计划项目(2020M031);山东省中医药高层次人才培育项目(鲁卫中医药科教字[2021]6号)。

摘　　要：目的研究南北柴胡气味物质差异。方法应用电子鼻技术和气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用(GC-IMS)技术检测南北柴胡挥发性物质差异,采用NIST、IMS数据库对挥发性物质进行定性和定量分析;使用仪器配套的插件对南北柴胡样品进行动态主成分分析(Dynamic PCA),利用SIMCA-P 14.0软件对其进行正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA),以微生信平台对其进行聚类热图分析;对比南北柴胡指纹图谱,分析南北柴胡特征物质,筛选Student's t-test P<0.05且正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析模型中变量投影重要性(VIP)>1的挥发性物质为气味差异标志物。结果南北柴胡挥发性成分具有显著差异,南柴胡辨识出4个特征物质,分别是癸醛(单体)、氧化芳樟醇、2,3-二乙基-5-甲基吡嗪、异戊烯醛(二聚体);北柴胡辨识出2个特征物质,分别是3-甲基丁醇(二聚体)、2-甲基丙酸。共筛选出24个气味差异标志物,这些成分可以作为区分南北柴胡的依据。结论应用GC-IMS或电子鼻气味辨识技术能够快速鉴别南北柴胡,南柴胡败油气可能与其特征物质异戊烯醛(二聚体)及气味差异标志物癸醛、反-4-己烯醛、正辛醛、庚醛、正己醛、丙烯醛、异丁醛等醛类物质有关。Objective To study the difference in odor substances between Beichaihu(Bupleurum Chinense)and Nanchaihu(B.Scorzonerifolium).Methods Electronic nose technology and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy(GC-IMS)were used to detect volatile substances in the Beichaihu(Bupleurum Chinense)and Nanchaihu(B.Scorzonerifolium).The NIST and IMS databases were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze volatile substances.Plug-ins for the instrument was used to perform the dynamic principal component analysis of Beichaihu(Bupleurum Chinense)and Nanchaihu(B.Scorzonerifolium).The SIMCA-P 14.0 software was used to perform orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis of volatile substances.The microbiotic platform was used to perform cluster heatmap analysis of volatile substances.The fingerprints and the characteristic component of Beichaihu(Bupleurum Chinense)and Nanchaihu(B.Scorzonerifolium)samples were compared and analyzed.The volatile substances of students't-test with P<0.05 and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis with VIP>1 were selected as markers of odor differences.Results There were significant differences in the volatile components of Beichaihu(Bupleurum Chinense)and Nanchaihu(B.Scorzonerifolium).Four characteristic substances were identified in Nanchaihu(B.Scorzonerifolium),namely decanal-M,linalool oxide,2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine and 3-methyl-2-butenal-D.Two characteristic substances were identified in Beichaihu(Bupleurum Chinense),namely 3-methylbutanol-D and 2-methylpropanoic acid.A total of 24 markers of odor differences were screened,which could be used as the basis for distinguishing between Beichaihu(Bupleurum Chinense)and Nanchaihu(B.Scorzonerifolium).Conclusion The GC-IMS or electronic nose technology can quickly identify Beichaihu(Bupleurum Chinense)and Nanchaihu(B.Scorzonerifolium).The gas of rancid oil of Nanchaihu(B.Scorzonerifolium)may be related to its characteristic substance 3-methyl-2-butenal-D and markers of odor differences such as decanal,(E)-2-hexena

关 键 词：北柴胡 南柴胡 电子鼻 气相离子迁移谱 挥发性物质 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]