何谓“名分”?一项基于“关系性”的本土研究  

What is Mingfen?A Study of Status Based on Indigenous Perspective

作　　者：翟学伟[1] ZHAI Xuewei(Department of Sociology,Nanjing University)

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院

出　　处：《社会》2024年第6期1-30,共30页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“儒家道德社会化路径”(项目批准号:16ZDA107);南京大学中国特色哲学社会科学自主知识体系建构“引领工程”重大专项研究课题“以‘关系’为中心的社会构造、思想脉络及其现实运行”项目的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：本土概念在现代社会科学研究中常被现有的学科概念所置换,使得概念本义及其研究框架难以彰显。名分就是这样一个被等级、角色、身份及其行为规范所取代的概念,以至于学界对名分的解释仅停留于表面。通过比较这些概念及其范畴组合,本文发现,名分之义需要在自己的概念组合中得到理解,由此推演出其社会运行的真实含义。本文认为,名分是礼制和礼仪的操作化,其意义是在真实的纵向关系运作中确立匹配性的尊卑,以维持日常秩序。本文检视从西方移植而来的角色或身份,发现共性都是建立于“自我同一性”之上,而名分运行需要在政治与社会观念和现实中建立一个“场域同一性”。后者之所以可能,是因为“礼”在认知上的整体性运行,其内在的关系线索是由“天地君亲师”提供的。如果一个人能在认知上形成这个场域中的关系全景图,他就能清晰地了解自己的行动路线和行为方式,同时也构成了纵向关系运行本身所期待的秩序、稳定与和谐。In modern social science research,a indigenous concept is often replaced by modern disciplinary concepts,making it difficult to bring its meaning and its research framework to light.Mingfen is a concept that has been replaced by hierarchy,role,identity,and norms of behavior,so much so that the academic interpretation of the concept remains shallow.Compared to these conceptual combinations,the meaning of Mingfen needs to be understood within its own conceptual combination.This paper therefore argues that in this regard Mingfen is the operationalization of ritual and etiquette,and that its purpose is to establish a matching hierarchy of superiority and inferiority in real vertical relationships in order to maintain daily order.Examining roles or identities,their commonality is based on“self-identity”,while the operation of Mingfen requires establishing“field-identity”in political and social context and reality.What is meant by“field-identity”is that social members can regard the power relationships and interactive situations in different fields as a unified whole,so that different identities and roles can be comprehensively ranked in this system.This is possible because Li(ritual)has a holistic cognitive aspect,and the hierarchical ordering of its ranks is provided by the ideal of Tian Di Jun Qin Shi(Heaven,Earth,Monarch,Parents,and Teacher).The emergence of“field-identity”leads individuals to form a cognitive panorama of power relationships in the whole interactions due to their simultaneous confrontation with multiple roles.It enables an individual to clearly understand their own course of action and the appropriateness of their behavior on the one hand,and on the other hand to have a comprehensive understanding of the hierarchy of every individual,thereby leading their words and deeds to be less self-centered and more dependent on their status sequence and power.This interconnected pattern,although it achieves the expected order,stability,and harmony,also constitutes various potential power strug

关 键 词：名分 关系性 自我同一性 场域同一性 权力关系的对应性 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]