工业机器人使用与企业生产率分化  

Industrial Robots and Differentiation of Enterprise's Productivity

作　　者：王文[1] 韩王喆 Wang Wen;Han Wangzhe(School of Economics and Finance,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,710061

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2024年第10期190-212,共23页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SK2022134);国家社科基金一般项目“新一轮科技革命和产业变革背景下制造业服务化促进产业升级的机制与路径研究”(19BJL092)的资助。

摘　　要：作为现阶段智能化生产技术改造的主要方式,工业机器人的大规模使用在普遍提升企业生产率水平的同时,也可能会对不同企业生产率产生差异化影响,改变企业间生产率分布。本文采用《中国工业企业数据库》与《中国海关贸易数据库》的匹配样本数据,分别以工业机器人进口情况和企业全要素生产率(TFP)离散程度作为工业机器人使用和生产率分布的度量指标,详细检验了工业机器人对企业生产率分布的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,工业机器人的使用扩大了企业间TFP离散程度,推动了企业生产率分化,这一效应在智能化发展水平较高的地区、技术密集型行业和国有经济比重较高的行业表现得更为突出。微观作用机制检验表明,与低生产率企业相比,工业机器人的使用在更大幅度上提升了高生产率企业的创新水平和生产规模,通过创新效应和规模效应对企业生产率增长产生了非对称影响,使得头部企业的生产率优势得到进一步强化,导致企业生产率分布更加分化。本文从工业智能化视角为理解中国制造业企业发展分化提供了新思路,也是对工业机器人影响效应这一支文献的重要拓展。As the main mode of intelligent production technology transformation at this stage,the large-scale use of industrial robots may not only improve the overall productivity level of enterprises,but also have differentiated effects on the productivity of different enterprises,changing the distribution of productivity among enterprises.This paper examines in detail the impact of industrial robots on the productivity distribution of firms and its mechanism of action by using matched sample data from the China Industrial Enterprises Database and the China Customs Trade Database,respectively,with the import of industrial robots and the degree of dispersion of firms'Total Factor Productivity(TFP)as the metrics for the use of industrial robots and the distribution of productivity.It is found that the use of industrial robots widens the degree of TFP dispersion among firms and promotes productivity differentiation among firms,and this effect is stronger in regions with a higher level of intelligent development,technology-intensive industries,and industries with a higher proportion of state-owned economy.The micro-mechanism test shows that,compared with lowproductivity enterprises,the use of industrial robots has more significantly increased the innovation level and production scale of high-productivity enterprises,which has an asymmetric impact on the productivity growth of enterprises through the innovation effect and the scale effect,which further strengthens the productivity advantage of the head enterprises and leads to a more dispersed distribution of enterprise productivity.This paper provides new ideas for understanding the developmental divergence of Chinese manufacturing firms from the perspective of industrial intelligence,and is also an important expansion of the literature on the impact of industrial robots.

关 键 词：工业机器人 生产率分化 TFP非对称增长 创新效应 规模效应 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]