苏格拉底式问题支架:促进学生向AI大模型提出高质量问题  

Socratic Questioning Scaffolding:A Study on Strategies to Encourage Students to Ask AI Large Models Questions

作　　者：赵晓伟 王师晓 李情 沈书生[1] 祝智庭[3] ZHAO Xiaowei;WANG Shixiao;LI Qing;SHEN Shusheng;ZHU Zhiting

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210097 [2]江苏省高校哲学社会科学实验室——南京师范大学青少年教育与智能支持实验室 [3]华东师范大学开放教育学院,上海200062

出　　处：《现代远程教育研究》2025年第1期102-112,共11页Modern Distance Education Research

基　　金：2024年度国家社会科学基金教育学青年项目“AIGC支持认识发生的数智苏格拉底对话式学习研究”(CCA240256)。

摘　　要：向AI大模型提出高质量问题已成为数智时代学习者的必备技能与元素养。然而,当前学生向AI大模型提问的能力较低,所提问题存在浅表化、思维含量不高等现象,导致大模型的响应往往无法满足预期需求。苏格拉底式提问为有效提升学生提问质量提供了有益参考,基于此设计的苏格拉底式问题支架从“认知—元认知”双重维度提供了提示性、指导性、解释性三类支架,能够激发学生向AI大模型主动提问和持续追问的能力,有效促进学生认知发展。面向教育技术学专业44名本科生开展的准实验研究发现,使用该支架前后学生在问题深度、问题序列和问题架构方面具有明显变化。苏格拉底式问题支架能显著提高学生的深度提问能力,有效促进高阶问题序列转换,让学生形成分析创造式、深度理解式、评价创造式三种典型的转换循环,还能引导学生构建基于不同观点的星型、链式和闭环的问题架构逻辑。未来,教师应借助多样化的问题支架,引导学生向AI大模型提出高阶问题,并在追问中建立问题逻辑,以高质量的人机对话促进深度学习和学生高阶思维发展。Posing high-quality questions to AI large models has become an essential skill and fundamental literacy for learners in the era of intelligent and digital technology.However,students currently exhibit a low ability to pose questions to AI models,with issues such as superficiality and lack of cognitive depth in their inquiries,resulting in AI responses that often fail to meet expectations.Socratic questioning provides a valuable framework for improving the quality of students’questions.Based on this approach,the design of a Socratic questioning scaffolding offers prompts,guidance and explanatory support from both“cognitive”and“metacognitive”dimensions,encouraging students to actively and persistently follow up on their inquiries with AI large models,thereby fostering the cognitive development of students.A quasi-experimental study involving 44 undergraduates majoring in Educational Technology revealed significant changes in the depth,the sequences and the structures of students’questions before and after using the scaffolding.The Socratic questioning scaffolding significantly improved students’ability to pose in-depth questions,effectively facilitated the transition within higher-order question sequences,and enabled students to form three typical transformation loops:analytical creation,in-depth understanding,and evaluative creation.Furthermore,it guided students to construct star-shaped,chain-like,and closed-loop question structures based on different perspectives.In the future,educators should leverage diverse scaffolding tools to guide students in posing higher-order questions to AI large models and in establishing logic of questions through follow-up inquiries.By promoting high-quality human-AI dialogue,this approach can enhance deep learning and the development of students’higher-order thinking skills.

关 键 词：苏格拉底式提问 AI大模型 问题支架 高阶思维 高质量问题 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]