中小学科学教育的发展逻辑  

The Logic for the Development of Science Education in Primary and Secondary School

作　　者：胡红杏[1] Hu Hongxing(College of Teacher Education,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学教师教育学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《教育研究》2024年第12期112-123,共12页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2023年度教育学重大项目“中国教育现代化的理论建构和实践探索研究”(编号:VAA230006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在教育、科技、人才一体化战略的背景下,中小学急需做好科学教育加法。为此,需要从经验论、认识论、实践论的角度把握中小学科学教育发展的历史逻辑、理论逻辑和实践逻辑,这对于指导当前中小学科学教育工作有重要意义。中小学科学教育经历了“西学为用”背景下的技术取向“、民主科学”背景下的方法取向“、科技自立自强”背景下从知识取向到素养取向的演进历程,其历史逻辑在于中小学科学教育不仅要加强数理化等基础科学的教育,还要加强技术与工程等应用科学的教育。中小学科学教育发展的理论逻辑是以中国化的马克思主义科技观为指导,注重彰显科学育人的价值取向,弘扬理性质疑的科学精神,加强科学本质的理解建构。中小学科学教育的实践逻辑在于,通过加强中小学生创新性科学思维的培养、加强中小学科学教育教材建设、构建一体化的中小学科学教师教育体系、变革中小学科学教育的教学方式、拓展中小学科学教育的实践基地等路径,做好科学教育加法,形成中国特色的中小学科学教育发展模式。Against the backdrop of the strategy for the integration of education,technology and talents,primary and secondary schools urgently need to enhance science education.To achieve this,we should,based on empiricism,epistemology and practice,grasp the historical,theoretical and practical logics for the development of science education in primary and secondary schools,which is of great significance to the guidance of the current science education in primary and secondary schools.Science education in primary and secondary schools experienced transitions from the technological orientation in the background of"the application of Western learning in the settlement of China's practical problems,"the methodological orientation in the background of"democracy and science,"and the evolution from knowledge orientation to competence orientation in the background of"self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology."Its historical logic is to strengthen not only education in such basic sciences as mathematics,physics and chemistry,but also education in such applied sciences as technology and engineering.Its theoretical logic,which is guided by the China-based Marxist view of science and technology,emphasizes the value orientation of scientific education,carries forward the scientific spirit of rational questioning,and strengthens the understanding and construction of the nature of science.Its practical logic is to enhance science education and create a model for the development of primary and secondary school science education with Chinese characteristics,by means of strengthening the cultivation of innovative scientific thinking of primary and secondary school students,promoting the development of science education textbooks for primary and secondary schools,building an integrated system for science teacher education for primary and secondary schools,reforming the teaching methods for science education in primary and secondary schools,and expanding the practice bases for science education in primary and secondary scho

关 键 词：中小学科学教育 马克思主义科技观 科学精神 创新思维 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]