昭通苹果渣中果胶提取工艺研究  

Study on Extraction Process of Pectin from Pomace of Zhaotong Apple

作　　者：张孟艳 张秀英 王雪梅 杨艳群 王云仙 宋枚芳 吴灿 张新军[2] ZHANG Mengyan;ZHANG Xiuying;WANG Xuemei;YANG Yanqun;WANG Yunxian;SONG Meifang;WU Can;ZHANG Xinjun(Zhenxiong County Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Center,Zhenxiong Yunnan 657200,China;Zhaotong College,Zhaotong Yunnan 657000,China;Zhaotong Apple Industry Development Center,Zhaotong Yunnan 657000,China)

机构地区：[1]镇雄县农业科技推广中心,云南镇雄657200 [2]昭通学院,云南昭通657000 [3]昭通市苹果产业发展中心,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2025年第1期64-70,共7页Journal of Fruit Resources

摘　　要：【目的】充分利用昭通苹果资源,研究苹果果胶的最佳盐酸提取工艺条件,为延长昭通苹果产业链及增加其附加值提供参考。【方法】以昭通产区5个苹果品种果渣作为原材料,以盐酸提取-无水乙醇进行醇沉的方法,分析单因素对果胶得率的影响,同时利用响应面优化果胶提取工艺,再利用软件分析优化出来的结果分别提取5个昭通产区不同苹果品种苹果渣里的果胶。【结果】4个单因素对昭通苹果提取果胶得率的影响由小到大顺序为:提取时间<提取温度<提取pH值<提取料液比,苹果渣中果胶的盐酸提取最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶50(g/ml)、pH 1.0、温度94℃和提取时间70 min;不同苹果品种盐酸提取果胶得率由大到小顺序为:长富2号>秦冠>烟富7号>烟富8号>烟富3号。【结论】以盐酸提取-无水乙醇进行醇沉的方法提取苹果果胶成本较低,适于工业生产;不同的苹果品种提取的果胶得率不同,可为昭通苹果果渣提取果胶的苹果品种选取提供一定参考。【Objective】In order to make full use of Zhaotong apple resources,the optimum hydrochloric acid extraction conditions of apple pectin were studied to provide reference for extending Zhaotong apple industry chain and increasing its added value.【Methods】The effects of single factor on the yield of pectin were analyzed by hydrochloric acid extraction-anhydrous ethanol precipitation method with the pomace of five apple cultivars in Zhaotong area as raw material.At the same time,the response surface was used to optimize the pectin extraction process,and then the pectin in the apple pomace of different apple varieties in five Zhaotong areas was extracted by software analysis.【Results】The effects of four single factors on the yield of pectin extracted from Zhaotong apple were as follows:extraction time<extraction temperature<extraction pH<ratio of material to liquid.The optimum conditions of hydrochloric acid extraction of pectin from apple pomace were as follows:ratio of material to liquid 1∶50(g/ml),pH 1.0,temperature 94℃and extraction time 70 min.The yield of pectin extracted by hydrochloric acid from different apple varieties was in the order of Changfu 2>Qinguan>Yanfu 7>Yanfu 8>Yanfu 3.【Conclusion】The method of extracting apple pectin by hydrochloric acid extraction followed by alcohol precipitation with anhydrous ethanol has a relatively low cost and is suitable for industrial production.The pectin yields obtained from different apple cultivars vary,which can provide certain reference for the selection of apple cultivars when extracting pectin from the pomace of Zhaotong apples.

关 键 词：苹果渣 果胶 盐酸提取 响应面分析 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]