汉语孤独症儿童对投射性方位词的理解  

The Understanding of Projective Spatial Terms in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

作　　者：陈唯可 吴西愉[2] CHEN Wei-ke;WU Xi-yu

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学语言学实验室/北京大学中国语言文学系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2025年第1期87-91,共5页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的探讨汉语孤独症儿童对投射性方位词(前、后、左、右)的理解能力,进一步探讨心智理论能力与空间观点采择之间的关系。方法选择典型发展儿童和孤独症儿童各1组作为被试,根据实验指令,被试将物体放置在刺激物的前、后、左、右位置。分析被试的正确率和影响因素,如心理旋转角度、心智理论能力、刺激物有生性等,评估其对投射性方位词的理解。结果孤独症儿童对投射性方位词的理解能力显著低于典型发展儿童。在涉及左右判断任务中,孤独症儿童的正确率与心理旋转所需的角度显著相关。这种理解能力与心智理论能力、被放置物体与刺激物的相对位置、刺激物的有生性以及指令中方位词与名词的结构关系均未表现出显著相关性。结论汉语孤独症儿童在理解投射性方位词时存在显著困难,特别是在涉及复杂心理旋转任务中。这可能与孤独症儿童在空间观点采择能力上的缺陷有关,但与心智理论能力等其他因素的直接关联性尚未得到证实。Objective This study aims to explore the understanding of projective spatial terms(front,back,left and right)in Mandarin-speaking children with autism and further examine the relationship between Theory of Mind(ToM)abilities and spatial perspective taking.Method The experiment involved two groups of participants:typically developing children and children with autism.Participants were instructed to place objects in the positions of front,back,left or right of a reference object based on given directives.The study assessed their understanding of projective spatial terms by analyzing accuracy and related factors such as mental rotation angles,Theory of Mind abilities,and the animacy of reference objects.Results The results revealed that children with autism demonstrated significantly lower comprehension of projective spatial terms compared to typically developing children.For tasks involving left-right judgments,the accuracy of children with autism was significantly correlated with the angle required for mental rotation.However,no significant correlations were found between their comprehension ability and factors,such as Theory of Mind abilities,the relative position of the objects,the animacy of the reference objects,or the structural relationship between spatial terms and nouns in the instructions.Conclusion The study indicates that Mandarin-speaking children with autism face notable challenges in understanding projective spatial terms,especially in tasks requiring complex mental rotation.These difficulties may be attributed to deficits in spective taking rather than direct links to Theory of Mind abilities or other factors examined.

关 键 词：孤独症 方位词 空间观点采择 心智理论能力 

分 类 号：G762[文化科学—特殊教育学]