超声、微波辅助银杏叶多酚固液萃取的传质和PID控制研究  

Ultrasonic and Microwave-assisted Solid-Liquid Extraction of Ginkgo biloba Phenolics:Study about Mass Transfer and PID Control

作　　者：徐驰 徐鹤宾 朱芮 黎静 李丹丹[1] 韩永斌[1] 郑义 陶阳[1] XU Chi;XU Hebin;ZHU Rui;LI Jing;LI Dandan;HAN Yongbin;ZHENG Yi;TAO Yang(College of Food Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;College of Animal Pharmacy,Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College,Taizhou 225300,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学食品科技学院,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏农牧科技职业学院动物药学院,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2025年第3期120-132,共13页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究重大项目(23KJA360001);江苏省自然科学基金杰出青年基金(BK20231533)。

摘　　要：本文采用超声和微波辅助提取银杏叶多酚,通过构建扩散模型,研究了超声和微波场下银杏叶多酚提取的传质机制,进一步建立了关于银杏叶多酚提取过程的比例-积分-微分(PID)控制算法。结果表明:与摇床振荡提取相比,超声和微波辅助提取均可促进银杏叶内多酚的释放,增强银杏叶颗粒内部多酚分子扩散能力。相较超声处理,微波场下多酚提取效率更高,且多酚扩散能力更强,颗粒内外多酚浓度差值更早到达峰值。料液比为1:40 g/mL时,103.7 W/L超声和4800 W/L微波作用下,多酚的De值分别为6.4×10^(-11)m^(2)/s、1.4×10^(-10)~1.7×10^(-10)m^(2)/s,多酚平衡提取量分别为27.492±2.666和28.453±1.115 mg/g。另一方面,与传统PID和模糊PID控制器相比,基于遗传算法(GA)和粒子群算法(PSO)优化的两种模糊PID控制器均可较好地对目标多酚提取过程实施有效控制,具有超调量小、收敛速度快等优点。当微波功率为4800 W/L、料液比为1:20 g/mL时,最佳控制算法为PSO优化的模糊PID,PSO因子为4.1350、0.1100、0.0001,此时粒子群算法优化的模糊PID控制器收敛时间最少,为0.5 min左右,且有最小的超调量,为1.12%。该研究为超声和微波辅助银杏叶多酚固液萃取的数字化仿真控制提供了理论依据。In this study,both ultrasound and microwave techniques were utilized to intensify the extraction of phenolics from Ginkgo biloba leaves.A diffusion-based mathematical model was developed to explore the mass transfer mechanism about the studied extraction processes,and PID control algorithms were implemented to accurately control the extraction process.The results showed that ultrasound and microwave-assisted methods significantly enhanced the release and diffusion of polyphenol compared to the traditional shaker oscillation method.Compared with ultrasound-assisted extraction,microwave-assisted extraction demonstrated superior efficiency and diffusion effectiveness,quickly reached the maximum polyphenol content gradient across the leaf particles.With a solvent-to-liquid ratio of 1:40 g/mL,the effective diffusion coefficient(De)of polyphenol was determined to be 6.4×10^(-11)m^(2)/s under ultrasound treatment(103.7 W/L)and ranged from 1.4×10^(-10)to 1.7×10^(-10)m^(2)/s under microwave treatment(4800 W/L).The equilibrium polyphenol extraction yields were 27.492±2.666 mg/g for ultrasound treatment at 103.7 W/L and 28.453±1.115 mg/g for microwave treatment at 4800 W/L.Furthermore,fuzzy-PID controllers optimized by genetic algorithms or particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms outperformed traditional PID controller and individual fuzzy-PID controller to control the extraction process,achieving faster convergence with minimal overshoot.Specifically,under microwave power of 4800 W/L and a solvent-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 g/mL,the fuzzy-PID controller optimized by PSO algorithm proved optimal,with PSO factors set at 4.1350,0.1100,and 0.0001.The corresponding convergence time was approximately 0.5 minutes and an overshoot was 1.12%.This study provides a theoretical foundation for digitalizing the ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction processes of polyphenol from Ginkgo biloba leaves.

关 键 词：银杏叶 萃取 多酚 超声 微波 传质 PID控制 

分 类 号：TS255.36[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]