贝氏体钢轨磨损与接触疲劳行为的研究进展  

Research Progress on Wear and Contact Fatigue Behavior of Bainitic Rail

作　　者：齐顺顺 王文健[1] 汪渊 丁昊昊[1] QI Shunshun;WANG Wenjian;WANG Yuan;DING Haohao(Tribology Research lnstitute,State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Pangang Group Panzhihua Iron and Steel Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Panzhihua 617000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室摩擦学研究所,成都610031 [2]攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司,四川攀枝花617000

出　　处：《材料导报》2025年第1期255-265,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52202510);四川省国际科技创新合作项目(2023YFH0023);2024年度西南交通大学优秀青年团队培育项目。

摘　　要：钢轨的磨损和滚动接触疲劳是轮轨接触过程中的主要损伤形式,对铁路轨道安全与维护有着至关重要的影响。随着列车轴重的增加,贝氏体钢轨疲劳损伤问题日益凸显,严重危及行车安全。本工作综述了国内外贝氏体钢轨磨损与疲劳损伤在近年来的研究进展,重点阐述了贝氏体钢轨的磨损和滚动接触疲劳性能及两者之间的竞争关系,并与珠光体钢轨的试验结果进行了对比;总结了不同因素(显微组织、服役条件、环境介质)对贝氏体钢轨磨损及滚动接触疲劳性能的影响;提出了未来重点研究方向建议:基于化学成分调控与热处理工艺参数优化的稳定残余奥氏体组织制备,贝氏体钢轨在不同服役条件下的适用性研究,贝氏体钢轨在腐蚀、高低温等复杂恶劣环境下的使用性能研究。Rail wear and rolling contact fatigue,a main damage form during wheel-rail contact,has a vital impact on railway track safety and mainte-nance.With the increase of axle load of trains,the fatique damage of bainite rail is becoming increasingly prominent,which seriously endan-gers the driving safety.This summary reviewed the research progress of wear and fatigue damage of bainite rail at home and abroad in recent years,the wear and rolling contact fatigue properties of bainite rail and the competitive relationship between them are described,and the test re-sults are compared with those of pearlitic rail,the effects of different factors(microstructure,service conditions,environmental media)on the wear and rolling contact fatigue properties of bainite rail are summarized.The key research directions in the future are proposed as follows:The preparation of stable residual austenite structure based on chemical composition regulation and heat treatment process parameter optimization.Study on the applicability of bainite rail under different service conditions.Study on the performance of bainite rail in corrosive,high and low tem-perature environment.

关 键 词：贝氏体钢轨 磨损 滚动接触疲劳 影响因素 

分 类 号：TB31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]