利用人工智能在眼底照片中发现青光眼的研究进展  

Glaucoma screening and diagnosis in fundus photographs using artificial intelligence

作　　者：张佳玲 蔡岩 ZHANG Jialing;CAI Yan(Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China;Military Ophthalmology Center,General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command,Graduates School,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学研究生院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国人民解放军新疆军区总医院全军眼科中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《现代医药卫生》2025年第1期222-226,共5页Journal of Modern Medicine & Health

摘　　要：青光眼是一种常见的眼科疾病,往往会导致视神经损害和视野缺损,如果不及时治疗,可能导致永久性视力丧失。青光眼在眼底的病变表现主要集中在视神经盘的形态改变、视网膜神经纤维层的损伤、杯盘比增大及青光眼可能导致视网膜和视神经盘区域的血管异常。而眼底照相是一种非侵入性、可快速获取的检查,可以客观地展现出视网膜、视盘、视杯、黄斑、血管、神经等结构,加上经济效益方面的考量,眼底照相作为一个较为低廉的检查方法,可为青光眼在大范围人群中的筛查提供了可行性。早期发现并治疗青光眼非常重要,但人工检查容易受到医生经验和主观判断的影响。近年来,人工智能(AI)技术在医疗领域得到广泛应用,特别是在利用眼底照片进行青光眼筛查和诊断方面,AI技术展现出了巨大的潜力。该文旨在探讨利用AI在眼底照片中发现青光眼的最新研究进展,系统梳理了AI技术在青光眼眼底图像分析中的最新进展,为进一步推动AI在眼科领域的应用提供了有价值的参考。Glaucoma is a common eye disease that often results in optic nerve damage and visual field loss,which can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated.The pathological manifestations of glaucoma in the fundus mainly focus on the morphological changes of the optic nerve disc,the damage of the retinal nerve fiber layer,the increase of the cup-to-disc ratio,and the vascular abnormalities in the retina and optic nerve disc region caused by glaucoma.Fundus photography is a non-invasive,rapidly accessible examination that can objectively show the retina,optic disc,optic cup,macula,blood vessels,nerves and other structures.In addition to economic benefits,fundus photography,as a relatively inexpensive examination method,can provide feasibility for the screening of glaucoma in a large range of people.Early detection and treatment of glaucoma is very important,but manual examination is susceptible to the influence of the doctor′s experience and subjective judgment.In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)technology has been widely used in the medical field,especially in the use of fundus photos for glaucoma screening and diagnosis,AI technology has shown great potential.This paper aimed to discuss the latest research progress of using AI to find glaucoma in fundus photos,systematically combs the latest progress of AI technology in the analysis of glaucoma fundus images,and provided a valuable reference for further promoting the application of AI in the field of ophthalmology.

关 键 词：人工智能 深度学习 青光眼 眼底图像 综述 

分 类 号：R775[医药卫生—眼科]