传承与嬗变:十六国时期五胡王朝的华夷观  

Inheritance and Change:the Ethnological Viewpoint of Wuhu Dynasties in the Period of Sixteen-Countries

作　　者：刘东升[1] Liu Dongsheng(Department of History,Liaoning University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110136)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学历史学部,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《宁夏社会科学》2024年第6期187-192,共6页NingXia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“华夏认同视野下的五胡王朝合理性构建与民族整合研究”(项目编号:15CZS047);辽宁省社会科学规划基金重点项目“十六国时期中国认同意识的传承与中华民族凝聚力研究”(项目编号:L24AZS002);“河南省高校哲学社会科学创新人才支持计划”(项目编号:2022-CXRC-23)。

摘　　要：十六国时期,五胡王朝统治根基薄弱,各族群间隔阂甚深,差异性的民族认同意识使中州夷夏的王朝归属意识淡薄。为巩固统治,五胡王朝在对广大被统治民族加强防控的同时,更汲汲于“变夷从夏”,建构同质性的民族认同。为此,五胡诸君一改以往华夏王朝对诸胡“修其教,不易其俗”的传统,对自身及内迁诸胡进行了华夏化、中国化的文化、政治改造,这极大地加速了北方的民族融合进程。在“用夏变夷”过程中,五胡王朝还对中华传统华夷观进行了有益的改造。这使后世中国能以更为包容的心态面对异质文化、兄弟民族,从而增强了中华民族的凝聚力,促进了我国多民族国家形态的巩固。In the Period of Sixteen-Countries,the political foundation of the Wuhu Dynasties was relatively weak.Severe divergences existed among different ethnic groups.And the political identification of the Yi-Xia dynasties in Zhongzhou was in crisis.In order to reinforce their political power,the Wuhu Dynasties strengthened the prevention and control of their subjects,and implemented the policy of"Changing Yi into Xia",to construct a kind of homogeneous political identification.The kings of the Wuhu Dynasties had culturally and politically reformed themselves and all the Hu ethnic groups that had moved into the Zhongyuan area,aiming at the indentification of Huaxia and Zhongguo,and had greatly sped up the ethnical melting process of Northern China at that time.This was very different from the Huaxia dynasties's traditional strategy,which would"educate the Hu groups without changing their traditions".On the other side,during the process of"Changing Yi by Xia",the Wuhu Dynasties had reformed the traditional ethnical viewpoints of China,which had promoted the inclusion mentality and cohesive force of Zhonghua in the latter generations.

关 键 词：五胡王朝 华夷观 民族意识 用夏变夷 

分 类 号：K238[历史地理—历史学]