基于多孔材料的圆柱空腔声学覆盖层优化设计  

Optimization design of an acoustic cover layer for a cylindrical cavity based on porous materials

作　　者：张博涵 荣吉利[1] 程修妍 ZHANG Bohan;RONG Jili;CHENG Xiuyan(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2025年第3期468-479,共12页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：基础加强计划技术领域基金资助项目(2020-JCJQ-JJ-029)。

摘　　要：在发射及飞行过程中外部环境产生的声学和振动激励易对运载火箭内部有效载荷产生威胁,多孔材料作为一种轻质吸声材料被广泛运用于运载火箭整流罩的降噪减振相关研究中.本文基于多孔材料物理模型和多流体阻抗传递理论,结合声学阻抗管实验以及声学有限元,利用粒子群优化算法开展了多孔材料参数拟合以及声学性能优化研究.利用三聚氰胺、聚酯纤维和玻璃棉三种多孔材料设计了一种多层多孔材料声学覆盖层,对其厚度分配以及排布方式等因素进行了优化设计,并设置了对照组,通过阻抗管实验验证了优化后的声学覆盖层的吸声系数得到了显著提升;基于整流罩圆柱段圆柱空腔实验平台验证了多层多孔材料声学覆盖层的降噪减振性能,通过声学有限元对多孔材料在圆柱空腔内的敷设位置以及敷设率对降噪减振的影响开展了仿真分析,并为敷设位置以及敷设率的选取给出了工程建议,能对多孔材料的实际应用提供设计指导.During the launch and flight of carrier rockets,the acoustic and vibrational excitations generated by the external environment pose significant threats to their internal payloads.These disturbances,if not mitigated,can lead to structural fatigue or damage to sensitive equipment.To address this problem,porous materials,renowned for their lightweight and sound-absorbing properties,have been widely investigated and applied to noise reduction and vibration damping for payload fairings.In this study,a comprehensive investigation into the parameter fitting and acoustic performance optimization of porous materials is conducted,utilizing advanced physical models,multifluid impedance transfer theory,and particle swarm optimization algorithms.This research combines experimental approaches,including impedance tube experiments,with numerical methods,such as acoustic finite element analysis,to enhance the noise control capabilities of porous materials.This study employs three distinct porous materials,namely,melamine,polyester,and fiberglass,which are integrated into a multilayer porous acoustic coating.The design of this coating is based on the optimization of key parameters,including the thickness distribution and the arrangement of different layers.Various configurations were explored,and control groups were established to assess the improvements brought by the optimization process.Impedance tube experiments were conducted to measure the sound absorption coefficients of the multilayer porous acoustic coatings before and after optimization.Results showed a significant enhancement in the absorption performance,with a marked increase in the absorption coefficient across a broad frequency range.The underlying sound absorption mechanisms of the porous materials were analyzed to explain these improvements.To further validate the performance of the optimized multilayer porous acoustic coating,a cylindrical cavity experiment was conducted.This experimental setup simulated the cylindrical section of a carrier rocket payload fairing

关 键 词：多孔材料 粒子群算法 降噪 减振 圆柱空腔 

分 类 号：TB535.1[理学—物理]