《华阳国志》所见五行说考辨  

A Study on the Five Elements Theory Seen in the Huayang Guozhi

作　　者：彭华[1] PENG Hua(Institute of Ancient Books Collation and Research,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610064)

机构地区：[1]四川大学古籍整理研究所,四川成都610064

出　　处：《成都大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期88-96,共9页Journal of Chengdu University (Social Sciences)

基　　金：四川省哲学社会科学基金项目“《华阳国志》专题研究”(项目编号:SCJJ23ND276)。

摘　　要：《华阳国志》“秉笔直书”,保留了丰富的五行资料。借鉴考古学文化的“区系”和“类型”说,可将其分为“五行大类”和“五行杂类”两大类。分析与考辨的结果显示:先秦时期在巴蜀大地是否有“五帝”(五色帝)说,实则尚难论定;后世存在的“五帝”(五色帝)说(如公孙述),实则源自外地。秦汉以降所出现的形形色色的“五德”说(如“金德”与“金行”等),大致是对外地的(中原、齐鲁等)、现成的(如邹衍“五德终始”说)的“五行”说的援引与推演,实则并非“原生”或“原创”。就“五味”而言,巴蜀之“尚滋味”与“好辛香”,是“五行”说在巴蜀大地的“活学活用”,促成了“川菜”菜系的形成,促成了“川菜”麻、辣、鲜、香特色的形成。The book Huayang Guozhi maintained a straightforward writing style and preserved rich materials on the Five Element.Drawing on the"regional"and"typological"theories of archaeological culture,it can be divided into two categories:the"Five Elements Major Categories"and the"Five Elements Miscellaneous Categories".The results of analysis and examination show that:It is difficult to determine whether there was a theory of"Five Emperors"(Five Colored Emperors)in the land of Bashu during the pre Qin period;The theory of"Five Emperors"(Five Colored Emperors)that existed in later generations(as described by Gongsun Shu)actually originated from other places.The various"Five Virtues"theories that emerged since the Qin and Han dynasties(such as"Golden Virtues"and"Golden Practices")are generally quotations and deductions from the"Five Elements"theories of other regions(such as the Central Plains and Qilu)and existing ones(such as Zou Yan's"Five Virtues End and beginning"theory),but they are not"native"or"original".In terms of the"Five Flavors",the"admire taste"and"likes spicy aroma"of Bashu are the"active learning and application"of the"Five Elements"theory in the land of Bashu,which has contributed to the formation of the"Sichuan cuisine"cooking style and the formation of its characteristics of numbness,spiciness,freshness,and fragrance.

关 键 词：《华阳国志》 五行 五帝 五德 五味 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学] I207.7[历史地理—中国史]