谷物蛋白的消化物对肠道胰高血糖素样肽-1分泌的影响  

Effects of Cereal Protein Digests on Intestinal Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion

作　　者：王擎宇 曹洪伟 宋洪东 管骁[1,2] WANG Qingyu;CAO Hongwei;SONG Hongdong;GUAN Xiao(School of Health Science and Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;National Grain Industry(Urban Grain and Oil Security)Technology Innovation Center,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学健康科学与工程学院,上海200093 [2]上海理工大学国家粮食产业(城市粮油保障)技术创新中心,上海200093

出　　处：《食品与生物技术学报》2024年第11期133-142,共10页Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32302086);上海市自然科学基金项目(23ZR1444500);上海市“科技创新行动计划”国内科技合作项目(21015801100)。

摘　　要：以荞麦、青稞和小麦3种谷物为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法提取蛋白质。对3种谷物蛋白在胃肠消化过程中的相对分子质量、消化物的氨基酸组成、氨基酸评分(amino acid score,AAS)、化学评分(chemical score,CS)和必需氨基酸指数(essential amino acid index,EAAI)进行表征。同时,通过体外STC-1细胞模型和体内ICR小鼠研究蛋白质消化物对胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)分泌的影响。结果表明,荞麦蛋白、青稞蛋白、小麦蛋白经胃肠消化后,消化物的相对分子质量均小于10000。其中,相对分子质量在3000以下的肽分别占荞麦蛋白、青稞蛋白、小麦蛋白消化产物的72%、98%、56%。荞麦蛋白、青稞蛋白、小麦蛋白的消化物中必需氨基酸质量分数占总氨基酸质量分数的比例分别为38.33%、30.74%、35.70%,EAAI分别为0.85、0.88、0.91,均缺乏含硫氨基酸(Met+Cys)。3种蛋白质消化物对STC-1细胞的GLP-1分泌具有显著促进作用。体内小鼠试验结果也表明,3种蛋白质消化物对小鼠肠内分泌细胞GLP-1分泌均具有显著的促进作用,但荞麦蛋白和青稞蛋白的消化物的效果强于小麦蛋白的消化物。以上研究结果表明,与小麦蛋白的消化物相比,荞麦蛋白和青稞蛋白的消化物营养价值较低,但荞麦蛋白和青稞蛋白的消化物在促进肠内分泌细胞GLP-1分泌方面优于小麦蛋白的消化物,表明荞麦蛋白和青稞蛋白相较于小麦蛋白更适合糖尿病等代谢疾病患者食用。Proteins were extracted from buckwheat,highland barley,and wheat by alkaline extraction and acid precipitation.The relative molecular weight,amino acid composition of the digests,amino acid score(AAS),chemical score(CS),and essential amino acid index(EAAI)of the three cereal proteins during gastrointestinal digestion were characterized.Meanwhile,models of STC-1 cells and ICR mice were used to evaluate the effects of the digests on intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)secretion.The results showed that after gastrointestinal digestion of buckwheat,highland barley,and wheat proteins,the relative molecular weights of the digests were all less than 10000.The peptides with relative molecular weights less than 3000 in buckwheat,highland barley,and wheat protein digests accounted for 72%,98%,and 56%,respectively.The proportions of essential amino acids in the protein digests of buckwheat,highland barley,and wheat were 38.33%,30.74%,and 35.70%,respectively,and the essential amino acid indexes were 0.85,0.88,and 0.91,respectively.All the digests lacked sulfur-containing amino acids(Met+Cys).The three protein digests significantly promoted the GLP-1 secretion in STC-1 cells.The results of mouse experiments also showed that the three protein digests significantly promoted the secretion of GLP-1 in the enteroendocrine cells of mice,and the digests of buckwheat and highland barley proteins outperformed that of wheat protein.The above results indicated that the nutritional values of buckwheat and highland barley proteins were lower than that of wheat protein,while the digests of buckwheat and highland barley proteins were superior to that of wheat protein in promoting GLP-1 secretion in enteroendocrine cells.This suggested that buckwheat protein and highland barley protein were more suitable than wheat protein for patients with metabolic diseases such as diabetes.

关 键 词：谷物蛋白 模拟胃肠消化 相对分子质量分布 肠内分泌细胞 胰高血糖素样肽-1 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]